Genetic information only flows in one direction
DNA-->RNA-->Protien
(woof, woof)
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Whats a gene?
A section of DNA that can be turned into RNA
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Whats the process of DNA transcription (simple answer)?
Coding strand->DNA template->RNA
The RNA is the same as the coding strand but T turns into U
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What is RNA polymerase?
- large enzyme made up of proteins
- Can unwind and wind DNA without a helicase
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What are the sections on the DNA that gives the Polymerase information?
Promoter section- the Polymerase binds at this section
Terminator- the section of DNA that tell the polymerase to stop elongation
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What is the efficiency of binding and initiation determined by?
- Identity of the two sequences
- Spacing between them
- The distance from the transcription start site
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Which of the information sections of the DNA is transcribed in RNA
Terminator sequence is transcribed into the RNA
(In a question add and extra protein on to account for this/3 bases)
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How does the terminator sequence stop the RNA elongation?
The transcribed RNA forms a hairpin that disrupts the mRNA - DNA interaction at TTTT.
It basically drags out the RNA strand
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How is RNA modified in eukaryotic cells?
5' capping: 7-methylguanpsine is added to the 5' end
Poly-A-tail: Lots of A nucleobases are added to the 3' end
Splicing: introns are removed from the RNA leaving only exons
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Why is RNA modified in eukaryotic cells?
>increases stability against degradation enzymes
>helps transport from nucleus to the cytoplasm
>marks mRNA and quality control
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What are exons and introns?
exons - expressed
introns - interveining
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What is mRNA?
messenger RNA - The strand of DNA that is used to made proteins.
[Say god is the DNA, then mRNA is the bible and they take it to the church (ribosome) to do what it says]
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What evidence is there of genetic information flowing opposite to the dogma?
HIV, HEP B - retroviruses that can reverse transcribe (RNA -->DNA)
Telomere enzyme - reverse transcribed RNA into DNA
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Other cards in this set
Card 2
Front
What's the central dogma of biology?
Back
Genetic information only flows in one direction
DNA-->RNA-->Protien
(woof, woof)
Card 3
Front
Whats a gene?
Back
Card 4
Front
Whats the process of DNA transcription (simple answer)?
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