To inhale oxygen for cellular respiration and to dispose of the toxic CO2
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What is diffusion?
Movement of liquids or gases through a partially permeable membrane from high to low concentration.
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What does diffusion require? (5)
A short diffusion distance, high concentration gradient, high pressure, large surface area, higher temperature allows particles to move faster.
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What is the scientific term for breathing?
Ventillation
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What are the two scientific words for breathing in and out?
Inspiration, Expiration
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The internal intercostal muscles contraction leads to...
Expiration.
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The external intercostal muscles contraction leads to...
Inspiration.
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Pulmonary ventillation =...
...tidal volume x ventillation rate
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Tidal volume is...
...the volume of air inhaled with each breath (when at rest)
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Ventillation rate is...
...the number of breaths taken in one minute
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What happens to the internal air pressure during inspiration?
Increased volume of the thorax means a decreased internal pressure.
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What happens to the external air pressure during inspiration?
It increases
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Summarise lung cancer
Tar from smoking can lead to tumours in airways and lungs. There is benign (slow growing) and malignant (cancerous, fast growing, spread to other organs)
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Summarise emphysema
smoking is a cause. Airways become inflamed, phagocytes digest elastin to cross from blood to airways. Causes a loss of elasticity, makes it harder to exhale, reduces area for exchange.
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Summarise pulmonary fibrosis
From inhaling solid particles - damage lund tissue + create non-elastic scar tissue. Distorts alveoli + bronchi making tissue less elastic. Harder to breath.
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Summarise asthma
Triggered by dust mites, pollen etc. Chronic inflammation of bronchi + bronchioles. Reduced airways makes it hard to breath.
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Summarise pulmonary tuberculosis
caused by a bacterium. bacterium multiply inside phagocites and damage lung tissue. fever, cough, chest pain, fatigue. treated with antibiotics.
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Summarise bronchitis
Inflammation of bronchi. acute caused by virus, cough + mucus, short-term. chronic caused by smoking/air pollution, cough, long-term.
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Other cards in this set
Card 2
Front
What are the two main functions of the lungs?
Back
To inhale oxygen for cellular respiration and to dispose of the toxic CO2
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