They act like sponges that soak up water, so when cartilage is compressed it springs back to its original shape when tension is released.
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What are the classes of joint?
Synovial, cartilaginous (primary and secondary), fibrous
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Where would you find hyaline cartilage?
In embryo skeletons, at articular surfaces of long bones, in structures like the trachea, as costal cartilage
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Which type of cartilage is the precursor to bone in embryos?
Hyaline
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Articular cartilage is a form of what type of cartilage?
Hyaline
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What is the perichondrium?
The layer surrounding cartilage (except articular cartilage)
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What is the most common type of cartilage in the body?
Hyaline
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What are the mechanical features of hyaline cartilage?
Flexible, low-friction/smooth,
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Where would you find the primary centre of endochondral ossification?
In the epiphyseal plate, at the end of the diaphysis
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What is the process of primary ossification?
Chondrocytes in existing cartilage proliferate. They undergo hypertrophy, enlargening their lacunae. The lacunae are broken down by chondroclasts to form tunnels, where osteoblasts deposit bone to form the trabeculae.
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How does primary ossification end?
The rate of bone growth overtakes the rate of cartilage growth, 'sealing' the growth plate. Osteoclasts break down the osteocytes in the trabeculae to form the medullary cavity of bone.
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What is the structure of fibrocartilage?
Chondroblasts in lacunae, within a gel matrix that has abundant collagen fibres in it
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Where would you find fibrocartilage?
Where tendons insert into bones or cartilage; in the intervertbral discs; in the pubic symphisis; the menisci of some synovial joints
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What is the structure of elastic cartilage?
Similar to hyaline, except it contains an additional net of elastin fibres
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Where would you find elastic cartilage?
Epiglottis; ear; larynx
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What type of connective tissue is found in fibrous joints?
Fibrous
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What type of connective tissue is found in primary cartilaginous joints?
Hyaline cartilage
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What type of connective tissue is found in secondary cartilaginous joints?
Hyaline cartilage, and fibrocartilage
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What is the structure of a synovial joint?
Fibrous joint capsule; inner synovial membrane which encloses the synovial cavity, filled with fluid. Hyaline cartilage at end of bones. May have articular disc or a meniscus.
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What types of synovial joints are there?
Ball and socket, Condyloid, Saddle, Hinge, Pivot, Gliding
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What type of joint is the skull suture?
Fibrous
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What type of joint is the costochondral junction?
Primary cartilaginous
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What type of joint is the gomphosis?
Fibrous
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What type of joint is the intervertebral disc?
Secondary cartilaginous
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What type of joint is the syndesmosis?
Fibrous
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What type of joint is the interphalangeal?
Synovial
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What type of joint is the costo-transverse?
Synovial
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What type of joint is the pubic symphysis?
Secondary cartilagenous
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What is an example of a condyloid joint?
Radiocarpal
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What is an example of a saddle joint?
Canine distal interphalangeal
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What are bursae?
'Sac-like' structures containing synovial fluid found outside of joints
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What is the purpose of a bursa?
To reduce friction between tendons and bones, and prevent damage
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Describe the structure of a bursa
Bursa may exist as one 'sac' filled with fluid, or as a 'synovial sheath' filled with many bursae. They are surrounded by fibrous tissue and lie between tendons and bone
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