Localisation of Function in the Brain 0.0 / 5 ? PsychologyBiopsychologyA2/A-levelAQA Created by: ConnieWillisCreated on: 21-01-18 12:23 What was the main theory before localisation? The Holistic Approach 1 of 31 What did this theory suggest? That all parts of the brain were involved in processing of thought and action 2 of 31 Who were the two main people who started the move towards the localisation theory? Broca and Wernicke 3 of 31 Define localisation of function That different parts of the brain perform different tasks and are involved with different parts of the body. 4 of 31 Define lateralisation When some of our physical and psychological functions are controlled by a particular hemisphere 5 of 31 What is the name of the outer layer of the hemispheres? The Cerebral Cortex 6 of 31 Why is this part of our brain different to animals? Its more developed (3mm thick) 7 of 31 What are the four main lobes in both hemispheres? The frontal lobe, the parietal lobe, the occipital lobe and the temporal lobe 8 of 31 What is the area in the frontal lobe? (back) The motor area - voluntary movement in the opposite side of the body 9 of 31 What is the area in the front of the parietal lobe? The somatosensory area - sensory information from the skin is represented 10 of 31 What is the area in the occipital lobe? The visual area - each eye sends info from the right visual to the left visual cortex and vice visa 11 of 31 What is the area in the temporal lobe? The auditory area - analyses speech-based information 12 of 31 What are the two main language centres in the brain? Broca's area and Wernicke's area 13 of 31 Where is Broca's area? Left frontal lobe 14 of 31 What would damage to this area cause? Broca's aphasia - problems with speech production ('Tan') 15 of 31 Where is Wernicke's area? Left temporal lobe 16 of 31 What would damage to this area cause? Wernicke's aphasia - problems in understanding/comprehending language 17 of 31 What is the main form of evidence used to support localisation? Brain scans 18 of 31 What did Petersen et al find? Used brain scans to demonstrate how Wenicke's area was active during a listening task and Broca's during a reading task 19 of 31 What do his findings suggest? That these areas of the brain have different functions 20 of 31 What did Tulving et al find? That semantic and episodic memories are in different parts of the prefrontal cortex. 21 of 31 Give an example of a case study that can be used as evidence Phineas Gage 22 of 31 What conditions can neurosurgery still be used for? Very severe OCD and depression 23 of 31 What did Dougherty et al find? Out of 44 OCD patients who had a neurosurgical procedure, 32 weeks later, 1/3 had a successful response and 14% for a partial response. 24 of 31 What do these findings suggest? Success of procedures like this suggest that symptoms and behaviours associated with disorders are localised. 25 of 31 What research did Lashley conduct? He removed areas of the cortex (10-50%) in rats that were learning a maze 26 of 31 What did he find? That no area was more important than the other in learning - all parts of the corex were needed. 27 of 31 What do these findings suggest? That learning is too complex to be localised - needs the whole brain ( a more holistic approach) 28 of 31 Why should people be cautious when drawing conclusions from this research? Because it was done on rats - may be different for humans. 29 of 31 What is plasticity? When the brain has become damaged, the rest of the brain will change to take over the lost functions 30 of 31 Why does this limit localisation? Lends to a more holistic theory - all of the brain is involved in all functions. 31 of 31
"Discuss the extent to which brain functions are localised, refer to evidence in your answer. 0.0 / 5
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