Localisation of function in brain

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  • Created by: rxbyn004
  • Created on: 24-01-22 22:57
What is localisation of function?
Functions such as movement, speech and memory are performed in distinct regions of brain. Opposite views is brain acts as holistically to perform function.
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Where are Broca’s and Wernicke’s areas?
In left hemisphere.
Broca’s in left frontal lobe.
Wernicke’s area in top temporal lobe.
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Hemispheric lateralisation?
Each hemisphere is specialised to perform different functions eg language centres in left hemisphere and Visiospatial tasks are best performed by right.
Left side of brain controls right side of body and vice versus.
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Good evaluation study for hemispheric lateralisation?
Sperry’s split brain research
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Contralateral?
Each hemisphere controls opposite side of body. Including both motor and sensory pathways and vision of contralateral visual field.
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Cortex?
Surface layer of Brain = grey matter
White matter= myelinated axons
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Visual cortex?
Occipital lobe
Brains visual processing centre, each hemispheres occipital lobe receives information from contralateral visual field.
Damage can lead to partial or complete loss of vision called cortical blindness.
Damage to one cortex can lead to loss of
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Motor and somatosensory cortex?
Motor cortex is at back of frontal lobe and somatosensory correct is at front of parietal.
Divided by a fold called central sulcus and are contralateral.
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Motor cortex?
Area of brain responsible for voluntary motor movements = contralateral.
Damage can lead to loss of muscle function or after severe trauma, paralysis.
Occurs on op. Side of body due to contralaterality.
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Somatosensory cortex?
Responsible for receiving sense impressions from around body= contralateral
Damage can lead to loss of sensation in op. Sides of body, ignoring areas of body (neglect syndrome), loss of ability in recognising objects by their feel (agnostic). Effects on
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Auditory cortex
Received and processed sound information from ears.
Located in both hemispheres located at top of temporal lobe.
Damage can dead to deafness but no damage to structure of ear.
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What is Broca’s area responsible for?
Speech production and discovered after case study and post motte
Of Tan whon.
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What is Wernicke’s area responsible for?
Speech comprehension.
Discovered after individuals who could product fluent sounding speech that made little sense.
Damage leeds to aphasia. Difficulty understanding speech or written language, speech sounds fluent but lacks meaning/ nonsense words
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Damage to Broca’s and Wernicke’s area can cause?
Global aphasia = inability to produce or understand speech.
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+ evaluation of localisation of function.
-case study, loss of certain functions if damage is caused to particular areas of brain eg Broca and wernicke's case studies (aphasia) and Clive Wearing (amnesia). this suggests functions are localised in these areas.
-modern brain scanning techniques lik
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- evaluation of localisation of function.
-use of case studies= unscientific, especially with brain research with damage often covering multiple regions, as seen when modern MRI scans were made of Tan's brain.
-motor and somatosensory functions are highly localised, however systems like language
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Lashley's study of 1925 as use for evaluation?
50 rats ran a maze before and after areas of brain cortex destroyed and then re-ran and ability to successfully re-run maze was affected by how much brain cortex was destroyed not which areas.
suggests higher cognitive processes eg learning and memory are
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

Where are Broca’s and Wernicke’s areas?

Back

In left hemisphere.
Broca’s in left frontal lobe.
Wernicke’s area in top temporal lobe.

Card 3

Front

Hemispheric lateralisation?

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

Good evaluation study for hemispheric lateralisation?

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

Contralateral?

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
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