life processes 12-14

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  • Created by: sophie_kk
  • Created on: 15-12-19 20:05
respiration
breaking down food molecules to release the stored chemical energy that they contain
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oxidation or reduction?
oxidation reaction because oxygen is used to break down food molecules
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what are the waste products of respiration?
carbon dioxide and water
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what does respiration release
releases some heat energy, but most is used to make ATP
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what can ATP be used for?
contraction of muscles-producing movement, active transport of molecules and ions, building large molecules such as proteins, cell devision
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what is the heat energy used for?
used to maintain a constant body temperature in mammals and birds
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word equation for respiration
glucose + oxygen -> carbon dioxide + water (+ energy)
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chemical equation for respiration
C6H1206 + 6O2 -> 6CO2 + 6H2O (+energy)
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aerobic respiration
respiration that uses oxygen (occurs in the mitochondria of the cell)
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what is ATP composed of?
(adenosine triphosphate) organic molecule called adenosine attached to three phosphate groups.
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how can ATP be broken down?
by losing one phosphate group and forming ADP
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what happens when energy is needed?
ATP is broken down into ADP and phosphate
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what happens during respiration?
ATP is made from ADP and phosphate-
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what is ATP
the energy 'currency' of the cell, and transfers energy between the processes that release it, and the processes inna cell that use it up
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anaerobic respiration
when cells respire without oxygen
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what happens in anaerobic respiration? (c6h12o6)
glucose is not completely broken down, so less energy is released
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what is yeast used for?
making beer and bread
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word equation for yeast
glucose -> ethanol + carbon dioxide (+ some energy)
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how does yeast help bread rise?
carbon dioxide produced from anaerobic respiration causes dough to rise
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why do muscle cells respire anaerobically?
when they are short of oxygen- as when the muscles are overworked the blood cannot reach them fast enough to deliver oxygen eg quickly lifting a heavy weight or sprinting
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word equation for anaerobic respiration
glucose -> lactate (+ some energy)
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what does anaerobic respiration provide?
enough energy to keep overworked muscles going for a short period - lactate levels rise in the muscle cells and bloodstream
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what is oxygen debt?
the volume of oxygen needed to completely oxidise the lactate that builds up in the body during anaerobic respiration.
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demonstration of the production of carbon dioxide by small living organisms
1. using hydrogen carbonate (usually orange) please in a boiling tube with a gauze to support the small organisms 2. the indicator will turn yellow id carbon dioxide is present 3. 4 test tubes, one with just indicator, one with woodlice,
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cont
one with germinating seeds, and one with maggots (plus a bung) 6. peas are fastest as they respire for cell division then maggots as they are constantly moving, to find food, then woodlice as they prefer to find a dark place to rest - meaning they do
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cont
not need as much energy
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control
things you keep the same
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independent variable
variable that isnt affected by the other variables you are trying to measure
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dependent variable
variable that changes depending on the other factors eg colour
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

oxidation or reduction?

Back

oxidation reaction because oxygen is used to break down food molecules

Card 3

Front

what are the waste products of respiration?

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

what does respiration release

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

what can ATP be used for?

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
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