Chemicals containing carbon, hydrogen and oxygen (in the ratio C:2H:O) Includes sugars and starches
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Proteins
Chemicals containing carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen and sulphur. Made of amino acids. Vital to life
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Lipids
Chemicals containing carbon, hydrogen and oxygen. Contains a lower proportion of oxygen compared to carbohydrates, has more energy per gram than other biomolecules. Includes Oils, Fats and Waxes
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Starch
A large molecule made from glucose units joined together. Used by plants to store glucose. Insoluble so does not change the cell's water potential
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Glycerol
A small molecule that is made when fats are broken down
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Fatty Acids
A molecule that is made when fats are broken down, contains most of the energy found in fat
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Glycogen
A large molecule made from glucose units joined together. Used by animals and fungi to store glucose. Insoluble so does not change the cell's water potential. Found in your liver and muscles
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Amino Acids
Small molecules, there are around 20 different types, that make up proteins. Most can be made by your body, some cannot and are called essential - you must eat them
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Glucose
A simple carbohydrate with the formula C6H12O6
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Enzymes
Proteins that act to speed up chemical reactions in all living things. Can stick molecules together, break them apart or rearrange them. Each has a specific job and shape
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Catalyst
Something that speeds up a chemical reaction without getting used up in the process
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Substrate
The substance an enzyme acts on
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Metabolic
The chemical reactions that keep organisms alive, includes respiration
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Active Site
A place on an enzyme where the substrate fits, has the right shape to match
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pH
A measure of how acidic or alkaline a solution is. Decreases when something gets more acidic
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Temperature
A measure of how much energy molecules have. Generally if hotter the molecules are moving faster
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DNA
Chemical containing carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen and phosphorus. Has a double helical shape with two sugar phosphate backbones. Contains information for making proteins
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Adenine
One of the bases found in DNA, binds with Thymine
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Thymine
One of the bases found in DNA, binds with Adenine
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Cytosine
One of the bases found in DNA, binds with Guanine
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Guanine
One of the bases found in DNA, binds with Cytosine
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Double Helix
The characteristic shape of a DNA molecule. A twisted ladder
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Other cards in this set
Card 2
Front
Chemicals containing carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen and sulphur. Made of amino acids. Vital to life
Back
Proteins
Card 3
Front
Chemicals containing carbon, hydrogen and oxygen. Contains a lower proportion of oxygen compared to carbohydrates, has more energy per gram than other biomolecules. Includes Oils, Fats and Waxes
Back
Card 4
Front
A large molecule made from glucose units joined together. Used by plants to store glucose. Insoluble so does not change the cell's water potential
Back
Card 5
Front
A small molecule that is made when fats are broken down
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