Lecture 5 0.0 / 5 ? PsychologyPsychobiologyUniversityAll boards Created by: adamedwardsCreated on: 22-08-18 17:44 Which locations can you find the D2 and D3 receptors? Caudate Nucleus and the putamen 1 of 29 What are the three different types of injection? Intavenous, intramuscular and subcutaneous 2 of 29 What is subcutaneous injection and what is an issue with it? An injection just under the skin, it can be very painful 3 of 29 What other routes of administration are there? (6) Oral, sublingual (mucus), rectal, inhalation, transdermal, intra-ventricular 4 of 29 What is the blood brain barrier made from? Astrocytes (a type of glia) 5 of 29 What are three characteristics of the blood brain barrier? Tightly wrapped around capilliaries, selectively permeable and lipid solunlity 6 of 29 How do we work out the therapeutic index? The difference between the measure that produces the desired effect in 50% of animals and the dose that produces a toxic effect in 50% 7 of 29 What is the prefered affinity for drugs? Drugs should have a high affinity for therapeutic effect and low affinity for the toxic effect 8 of 29 What are the effects of repeated administration? (3) Tolerance, withdrawal symptoms and sensitisation 9 of 29 What are three ways tolerance can occur? Receptors become less sensitive, receptors decrease in number or second messenger processes become less effective 10 of 29 What is the difference between indirect and direct agonists? Direct agonists bind directly to the same binding site, whereas indirect bind to a secondary binding site but produce the same effect 11 of 29 What is a precursor? A substance that synthesises into the transmitter to pass the blood brain barrier 12 of 29 What are the different ways an agonist works? Reuptake inhibition, inactivation of enzymatic deactivation and stimulation of post-synaptic receptors 13 of 29 How does an antagonist work? Bind to receptor and block other neurotransmitters 14 of 29 What is an example of a precursor for dopamine? L-Dopa 15 of 29 How does resperine (antagonist work)? Makes vesicles leaky so no active transmitter is released 16 of 29 Give an example of a dopamine reuptake blocker Cocaine 17 of 29 Name the main amino acids Glutamate, GABA, ACh 18 of 29 What is glutamate used for Learning/ LTP and plasticity 19 of 29 What channels and receptors does glutamate affect? Sodium and calcium channels and NMDA and AMPA receptors 20 of 29 Is GABA inhibitory or excitatory? What agonises GABA? Inhibitory, alcohol 21 of 29 What prevents ACh release and what increases it? Botulinum toxin (prevents release) and black widow venom (increases ACh) 22 of 29 List the catecholamines Dopamine, noradrenalin and adrenalin 23 of 29 What other monoamines are there? Serotonin and histamine 24 of 29 Where does the substantia nigra and VTA project dopamine to? SN = striatum and VTA = limbic system, nucleus accumbens, PFC 25 of 29 Where is noradrenalin found? Locus coerelus 26 of 29 What is a common precursor of dopamine and noradrenalin? Tyrosine 27 of 29 Where is serotonin projected to? Cerebral cortex and subcortical structures (hypothalamus and thalamus) 28 of 29 Give some examples of peptides Enkephalins, Substance P and oxytocin 29 of 29
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