Axodendritic (Terminal Button to Dendrite), Axosomatic (terminal button to cell body) and Axoaxonic (terminal button to axon)
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What is a ligand?
A chemical that binds with the binding site of a receptor
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What are some selective characteristics of ligands? (2)
Shape and affinity
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How does high affinity affect the ligand?
High affinity means receptors can be saturated with very dilute solutions of the ligand
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What type of receptors are there?
Ionotropic and metabotropic
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How do metabotropic receptors work?
When the transmitter binds, an enzyme is activated and stimulates production of a second messenger which opens the ion channel (indirect)
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Describe the process of transmitter release
Synaptic vesicles transport to synaptic knob, change the voltage causing calcium channels to open and cause ruptures releasing the neurotransmitter into synapse
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Describe what happens at the postsynaptic receptor
Transmitter binds and opens ligand gated ion channel and ions exchange across the membrane and result in action potential in post-synapse
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What are the main types of ions exchanged?
Sodium (Na+), Calcium (Ca2+), Chloride (Cl-) and Potassium (K+)
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What are the two types of ways synaptic transmission is terminated?
Reuptake by transporter molecules or enzymatic deactivation
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What is an example of enzymatic deactivation?
ACh being deactivated by AChE and being broken into acetyl and choline
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What is myasthenia gravis?
Where the immune system destroys ACh receptors resulting in profound muscle weakness, treated with psychostigmine which deactivates AChE
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What are the two different ACh receptors?
Nicotinic receptor and muscarinic receptor
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What type of receptor are these and what agonist/antagonist interacts?
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