What is the definition for "Contingency theories of Leadership"? (Yuki, 2010)
Contingency theories of leadership discusses situations that enhance or nullify the effects of a leader’s traits or behaviours (Yuki, 2010)
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What are the two opposing decision making styles of Leadership characteristics?
Directive [Directive-Directive/Persuasive-Directed] and Participative (i.e. democratic)
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What are the two sub categories of Directive decision making?
Directive-directive: authoritarian – not consulted; Persuasive-directive: paternalistic – decides then explains why >> gets buy in with reason/threats/rewards
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What are the characteristics of the "initiating structure" leadership behaviour?
Improves follower performance: Directive on the parameters/execution of task initially; Structure is good when people are new to a group or inexperienced in task
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What are the characteristics of the "consideration" leadership behaviour?
Increases follower job satisfaction: Leader is participative/empowering during the task >> Appreciating good work in task, building self esteem of followers
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What are "substitutes" for leadership?
confident, motivated and skilled workers can sometimes function without day to day management (by product of good leadership)
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What are "neutralisers" of leadership?
inhibit the effect of the leader’s influence on the outcome eg followers don’t care about the job or the reward
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What are the two opposing orientations of Leadership characteristics? (Feidler, 1964)
Task oriented – will focus on end goal (e.g. shared leadership, team phases, transactional); • Relationship oriented – see how people in the group feel (e.g. Servant leadership, transformational leadership)
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What are the situational variables for Feidler's Contingency Model (1964)?
Leader member relationship = loyalty, friendliness and cooperation; - Position power = authority of leader (to reward/punish); Task structure
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What evidence is there to support Feidler's Contingency Model (1964)?
Validity confirmed by Rice (1978) meta-analysis: low scores = task success, high scores = interpersonal success
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According to Yukl (2010) what should I, as someone with a high LPC score of 92, watch out for?
Relationship orientated leaders are expected to be more lenient than task orientated leaders (Yukl, 2010)
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Besides Feidler's Contingency Model (1964), what other theories of contingency are there?
Path-Goal Theory (Evans, 1971; House, 1970) = situation contingent on follower skills/LOC/task structure/team dynamics; Situational Leadership Theory = contingent on maturity of followers (skills/attitude)
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What are the 4 leadership characteristics of Path Goal Theory (House, 1970; Evans, 1971)
Directive (low/external/non routine/neutralisers), Supportive (low/external,either/new team), Participative (high/internal/non routine/+ve norms), Achievement (high/internal/unclear from research/unclear from research)
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What is the "Directive" outcome of Path Goal?
Increases effort by making their expectations of subordinates clearer while increasing the value of rewards incentivise success (TRANSACTIONAL)
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What is the "Supportive" outcome of Path Goal?
Improves self-confidence and job design, increasing the intrinsic value of work and therefore the subordinate satisfaction and effort
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What are the 4 leadership characteristics/situational variables of Situational Leadership?
Telling (Directive >> immature), Selling (Directive-Participative >> medium maturity), Participating (medium maturity) and Delegating (Laissez Faire >> high maturity)
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What are the evaluative points of Path Goal?
Little known about Achievement; unclear from evidence if leadership characteristic is consistent across task or adapts to evolution of team like Team Phase Theory (Morgeson et al, 2010)
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Other cards in this set
Card 2
Front
What are the two opposing decision making styles of Leadership characteristics?
Back
Directive [Directive-Directive/Persuasive-Directed] and Participative (i.e. democratic)
Card 3
Front
What are the two sub categories of Directive decision making?
Back
Card 4
Front
What are the characteristics of the "initiating structure" leadership behaviour?
Back
Card 5
Front
What are the characteristics of the "consideration" leadership behaviour?
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