6. Which of these is not one of John Dore's eight language functions
Greeting
Questioning
Requesting
Protesting
Practising
Calling
Repeating
Answering
Labeling
7. What is Vygotsky's 'Zone of Proximal Development (ZPD' theory?
Children begin to understand the concept of object permanence at a young age
A child speaks aloud to themself to help them to practice their language
A child needs caregivers to help them interact
Language isn't taught and is a natural development
8. Which inflection does Brown suggest is easiest for a child to learn at 20 months?
Possessive (-s)
Plural (-s)
Present (-ing)
Past (-ed)
9. What is Skinner's imitation and reinforcement theory?
A caregiver will say a sound to represent a word and the child will reinforce this idea by saying both the sound and the actually word which the caregiver is trying to imitate.
Children repeat what they hear and are rewarded with praise
A caregiver will create an action to represent a certain word and the child will repeat the action whilst saying the word in order for them to be more likely to remember it.
Children incorrectly repeat what they hear and the caregiver will continue to repeat the word until the child pronounces it correctly
10. Cruttenden has three stages of learning inflections theory. Which is the third stage?
Children are able to cope with irregular inflections correctly
Children occasionally make virtuous errors when learning inflections but are mostly consistent
11. What is Lenneberg's 'Critical Age Hypothesis' Theory?
Without linguistic practice before the ages of 5-6 years, language acquisition is severely limited
When a child is in the womb, the child must be exposed to some form of language in order for them to develop the Language Acquisition Device (LAD)
At the ages of 5-6 years, it is critical that they understand the difference between spoken and written language
If a child is learning a second language, it is critical that they are exposed to it before the ages of 5-6 years in order for them to learn the language more easily.
12. What are Rescorla's two types of overextension?
Categorical and analogical
Heurological and telegraphical
Labelled and coordinated
Packaged and singular
13. Which of these is not one of Halliday's seven language functions?
Personal
Interactional
Representational
Heuristic
Regulatory
Instrumental
Telegraphic
Imaginative
14. What does Aitchison define 'network building' as in her 'Labeling, Packaging and Network Building' theory?
When a child forms a strong bond with their primary caregiver
When a child makes connections between words (opposites and synonyms)
When a child begins to understand the range of meaning that a word might have
