Key Words, The Tudors

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Act of Attainder
Act passed through parliament declaring the accursed guilty with no need for a trial
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Act of Supremacy
Act passed through parliament in 1534, recognising Henry VIII as head of the church in England. Another act was passed in 1559, by which Elizabeth became Supreme Govenor of the Church
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Act of Uniformity
act passed through parliament enforcing religious conformity
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Acts of Union
acts passed through parliament uniting Wales with England, politically, legally and administratively
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Amicable Grant
tax imposed by Lord Chancellor Wolsey. despite its name, it was essentially a forced loan
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Anticlericalism
opposition to or criticism of the Church and the clergy
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Babington Plot
plot hatched by Sir Anthony Babington to assassinate Elizabeth I and replace her with Mary, Queen of Scots
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Bonds and Recognisances
bonds: written contracts or agreements of good behaviour. Recognisances: public aknowledgements of actual debts and other obligations owed to the Crown
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Bosworth
battle faught in Leicestershire on 22 August 1485, between the Lancastrian claimant, Henry Tudor and the Yorkist King, Richard III
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Burgess
man of business, owning property in towns and serving on the ruling council or in munincipal office
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Calvinist
follower of John Calvin, an influential French theologian who helped to progress the Protestant Reformation in Europe after Luther
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Collectanea satis copiosa
['the sufficiently large collection'] Compiled by Cranmer to add intellectual authority to the king`s case in seeking the annulment of his marriage
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Consubstantiation
protestant belief that the bread and wine of Communion only represent the flesh and blood of christ spiritually
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Convocation
ruling council of the church, a form of parliament
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Copyhold
land held according to the feudal custom of the manor, where the title deed received by the tenant was a copy of the relevant entry in the manorial court roll
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Council Learned in Law
responsible for marriage, wardship and releif of all king`s tenants and the collection of feudal dues
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County Palatine
secular and/or ecclesiastical lordships ruled by noblemen or bishops, possessing special authority and autonomy from the rest of the kingdom
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Courts of assize
senior courts in each county, presided over by a judge appointed by the Crown
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Court of General Surveyors
government department responsible for auditing the revenues from corwn lands
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Court of king`s Bench
senior criminal court based in London
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Customary tenures
traditional forms of landholding dating back to the feudal system
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Debasement of the coinage
means whereby the government tried to save money by reducing the content of gold and silver in coins and replacing them with cheaper metals, such as copper, which lowered the value of the currency
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Device
method by which the succession was determined
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Distraint of knighthood
feudal law forcing landholders with annual incomes of £20 to accept knighthoods
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Edwardian Prayer Books of 1549 and 1553
Protest Prayer Books used in church services, first issued in 1549 and extensively revised in 1552; they were further revised in 1559 under Elizabeth I
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Elizabethan Church Settlement
Acts passed through parliaments establishing the Anglican Church and rules of worship
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Eltham Ordinances
Wolsey`s attempt to reform the King`s household in 1526
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Enclosure
Enclosing of land with hedges or fences to make it easier to raise livestock
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Eucharist
a rite or sacrament known as Holy Communion which celebrates the Lord's Supper
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Excommunication
expulsion or banishment of a person from the Church. An excommunicant could no longer worship, marry or be buried in church
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Feudal dues
traditional customs, such as marriage payments or inheritance tax, associated with the feudal system
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Feudal System
medieval system of landowning and obligations of service
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Field of the Cloth of Gold
venue in northern France for a grand meeting between Henry VIII of England and Francis I of France, 7-24 June 1520
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Forty-Two Articles
drawn up by Thomas Cranmer as a summary of Anglican doctrine in the Protestant faith in the reign of Edward VI
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Great Chain of Being
social pyramid showing everyone's place in society, as decreed by God
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Habsburg
family name of the ruling dynasty that reigned in sixteenth-century Spain, Austria, the netherlands and the Holy Roman Empire
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Hanseatic League
merchants from the mainly German city ports on the Baltic Sea who came together to form a trading union
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Heretical
religious nonconformists who reject the teachings and rules of the Catholic Church
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Holy Roman Empire
large, central European state, roughly equivalent to modern Germany, ruled by an elected Emperor
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Intercursus Magnus
commercial treaty signed in 1496 by Henry VII of England and Philip IV, Duke of Burgundy
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Intercursus Malus
['evil treaty'] Name given by the Dutch to the treaty passed in 1507 that was intended to replace the intercursus magnus, the commercial treaty that the Dutch believed was far too favourable to English interests.
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Jesuits
members of the Society of Jesus, set up in 1540 by the Catholic Church to reconvert Protestants and eliminate Protestism in Europe
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Justice of the Peace
royal officer responsible for government, administration and justice at county level
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Justification by faith
proof of belief by faith alone, without having to prove loyalty by good work or deeds
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King`s writ did not run
semi-independent lordships where the king`s written orders were not recognised and had no force in law
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King`s council
council consisting of the king`s closest advisors
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Labour services
feudal obligation by tenants to work on their landlord`s lands
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Legatine court
court set up in specific countries carrying the full authority of the Pope to determine legal cases
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Livery and maintenence
uniforms and badges worn by retainers who serve their lords
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Lollardy
religious movement that existed from the mid-fourteenth to the English Reformation. the Catholic Church regarded its members, lollards, as being heretic
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Lord Chancellor
highest legal and adminstrative office in the English government, often equated with being the monarch`s chief minister
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Lord Leiutenant
military officer appointed to a county, concerned with the training of troops and the defence of the realm
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Lord Protector
legal title given to senior nobleman appointed to govern the kingdom on behalf of a child monarch
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Lutheran
followers and faith of Martin Luther
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Marcher lordships
semi-independent lordships in Wales and the border region, ruled by noblmen possessin special authority from the Crown
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Merchant Adventurers
company of English merchants who traded with the Netherlands and north-west Germany, principally in the export of finished cloth
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Navigation Acts
Acts passed through parliament in an attempt to promote and protect English trade and thereby break the monopoly enjoyed by the Hanseatic League
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Papal Bull
Act passed by the Pope, and a legally binding document issued to specific countries
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Papal Legate
representative of the Pope, given full papal powers in a specific country
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Pastoral duties
work of the parish priest, such as baptism, marriage and burial
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Penance
sacrament of penance involved the repentance of sins by means of confession
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Pilgramage of Grace
rebellion in the North of England, 1536-37
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Praemunire
law prohibiting the assertion or maintenance of papal jurisdiction in England and preventing English clerics from appealing to Rome
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Presbyterians
Puritan members of the Anglican Church who wished to reform the state church from within
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Privy Councillors
senior government ministers who met with and advised the monarch in a private ruling council. they managed the government of the kingdom on behalf of the monarch
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Prorogue
temporary suspension of parliament
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Puritans
radical Protestants who reject all Catholic practises in church worship
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Quarter sessions
Courts held four times a year in every county and presided over by JPs
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Recusants
Catholics in Elizabethan England who remained loyal to the Pope and refused to conform to the state religion
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Regent
person who governs the country on behalf of the monarch
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Reformation Parliament
parliament that met between 1529 and 1536 and transformed the Church by breaking from Rome and making Henry VIII Supreme Head of the Church in England
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Regular Clergy
monks and nuns who lived and worshipped in monastic institutions
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Renaissance
flowering of knowledge in the late fifteenth and sixteenth centuries, focussing on science, art and classical civilisation
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Retaining
medieval system whereby great lords recruited those of a lower social status as their followers or servants
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Royal prerogative
rights and privileges that traditionally belonged to the monarch, such as making war, peace and marriage
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Secular clergy
priests and chaplains who lived and worshipped in the community and led services in the local parish church
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Separatists
hard-line Puritans who split from the Presbyterian movement to set up their own religious group, which was entirely independent of the Anglican Church
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Serfdom
serfs were the lowers social class of feudal society, with few rights
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Star Chamber
the Court of the Star Chamber dealt with serious crimes, both civil and criminal. it was especially effective in dealing with the nobility and gentry
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Statute of Uses 1535-36
law designed to prevent landowners transferring land to third parties, which meant that the Crown could not tax it because it was being used by people other than the person who owned it
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Subsidy Act 1534
Cromwell`s attempt to raise money by assessing the value of a person's goods. It was opposed because it was levied in peacetime
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Supplication against the Ordinaries
list of clerical abuses that Henry VIII intended to reform
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Thirty-Nine Articles
defining statements of doctrines to the Church of England , setting out acts of worship in church services in the reign of Elizabeth I
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Transubstantiation
catholic belief that the bread and wine offered in the celebration of teh sacrament of the Eucarist became, in reality, the body and blood of Jesus Crist
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Wardship
medieval system whereby a child is made a ward of the Crown, which then takes care of the child until he or she reaches the legal age to inherit lands
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Yeomen
social class of richer peasents, who may have been as wealthy as some of the gentry, but were below them in social class
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

Act passed through parliament in 1534, recognising Henry VIII as head of the church in England. Another act was passed in 1559, by which Elizabeth became Supreme Govenor of the Church

Back

Act of Supremacy

Card 3

Front

act passed through parliament enforcing religious conformity

Back

Preview of the back of card 3

Card 4

Front

acts passed through parliament uniting Wales with England, politically, legally and administratively

Back

Preview of the back of card 4

Card 5

Front

tax imposed by Lord Chancellor Wolsey. despite its name, it was essentially a forced loan

Back

Preview of the back of card 5
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