Key Concepts for Paper 2

?
  • Created by: Orca2411
  • Created on: 17-04-24 16:30
Qualitative Data
Textual
Lots of detail & can explore, motivation & emotions
1 of 44
Quantitative Data
Numerical
Reveal trends & patterns (not reason) Pr
2 of 44
Primary Data
Researcher collects data themselves
3 of 44
Secondary Data
Pre-existing data used for another study
4 of 44
Validity
Accurate picture of being studiedRe
5 of 44
Reliability
Replicable
6 of 44
Representative
Sample reflects target population
7 of 44
Generalisability
Abel to make claims about target population
8 of 44
Pilot Studies
PRACTICE RUN
Small scale study
Can give signs of any problems
9 of 44
Hypothesis
Clear prediction of the outcome
(Predominantly with Quantitative data)
10 of 44
Operationalising
Defining a concept to accurately measure it
essential for validity
e.g. young people - people age 10 to 19
Parents - legal guardian of at least 1 child
11 of 44
Gatekeeper
A point of contact who can put you in contact with people you want to research
12 of 44
Target Population
A social group sociologists have desided to study
13 of 44
Random Sample
All people in target population have equal opportunity to be picked
14 of 44
non-random sample
people in target population do not have an equal opportunity to be picked
15 of 44
Sample Frame
list of people / respondent who share the characteristics required to be part of the target population
16 of 44
Random Sampling
Participants randomly chosen
17 of 44
Systematic Sampling
Every other 'nth' number is selected from sampling frame
18 of 44
Stratified sampling
Dividing participants by characteristics then use systematic sampling
19 of 44
Quota Sampling
Researcher has clear idea of sample they want & how to find it. They select the population based on a given criteria
20 of 44
Snowball Sampling
One contact will recruit other participants to be involved in the research
21 of 44
Purposive / Opportunity Sample
Researcher has an idea of the sample so chose participant available who matches the criteria
22 of 44
Volunteer Sampling
Participants put themselves forward to be studied
23 of 44
Positivism
See behaviour as product of social forces
Behaviour is predicable
Research should be scientific (reliable, objective)
Like quantitative data
24 of 44
Interpretivists
Behaviour is freewill - because humans have consciousness & choose
Must 'get inside peoples heads'
Like qualitative data
25 of 44
Hawthorne Effect
(Particpant)
Participants behave differently as they know they're being watched
26 of 44
Demand Characteristics
(Participant)
Participants change their behaviour based on their interpretation of the aims (either to please the researcher or do the opposite of what is expected)
27 of 44
Social Desirability Bias
(Participant)
Participants change behaviour as they want to be presented in the most social excepted way
28 of 44
Going Native
(Researcher)
Researcher (participating & observing) begins only participating as any other member of the group
29 of 44
Researcher Bias
(Researcher)
Researchers beliefs / expectations influence research design or data collection
30 of 44
Confirmation Bias
(Researcher)
To search for / interpret information to confirm prior belifes
31 of 44
Interpretation Bias
(Researcher)
Researcher may interpret data in a way that was not intended by participants
32 of 44
Rapport
(Researcher)
Good relationship between people
(research & participant)
33 of 44
Practicalities of Research
(Hint)
M.R.C.A.T
M. atter - subject matter researched - some topics are easer to study
R.esearcher & participant - social characteristics - status of research may impact participant
C.ost - is funding needed, afford whole study
A.ccess - get to participants, need gate kee
34 of 44
Ethics
set of rules to protect the safety and rights of participants
(Hint)
P.A. C.A.R. P.I.E.S
35 of 44
Privacy
(P)
Respecting participant boundaries & keeping data of participants protected
36 of 44
Anonymity
(A)
No identifying features of participants or placices i.e. blond hair, midlands
37 of 44
Confidentiality
(C)
Keeping personal data of participants hidden
38 of 44
Avoiding Harm To Participants
(A)
Not putting participants in physically, emotionally or psychologically dangerous situations
39 of 44
Right To Withdraw
(R)
Participants may stop participating at any time & withdraw their data
40 of 44
Protecting A Vulnerable Group
(P)
Not putting vulnerable people (elderly, children, disabled) in physically, emotionally or psychologically dangerous situations
41 of 44
Informed Consent
(I)
Give participants all the relevant information regarding the study so people can make better decision on participating
42 of 44
Ensuring Legality
(E)
As the researcher you may not brake the law
43 of 44
Safeguarding
(S)
Protecting the interests of those involved in the study & those effect by their work - share analysis/ report findings accurately
44 of 44

Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

Quantitative Data

Back

Numerical
Reveal trends & patterns (not reason) Pr

Card 3

Front

Primary Data

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

Secondary Data

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

Validity

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
View more cards

Comments

No comments have yet been made

Similar Sociology resources:

See all Sociology resources »See all Research resources »