Introduction to Psychology

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What is psychology?
“It is the study of the mind, how it works, and how it affects behaviour”…
(American Psychological Association)
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Terminology:
Define "perspective"
there are several views in psychology which are called perspectives, view, way of looking at something
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Terminology:
Define "approach"
it’s the doing, it’s the way you go about testing that concept
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Terminology:
Define "theory"
is a scientifically credible general principle
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Terminology:
Define "concept"
a general idea or understanding of something
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True or false?
Psychologists are not scientists
False.
Psychologists conduct a range of activities designed to further our knowledge and understanding of what it is to be human.
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What does it mean to say a psychologist modifies behaviour?
if we have built an understanding and are able to predict what a person might do or feel in a given situation we might be able to modify behaviours – for example in behavioural psychology, use of reward or punishment to increase or decrease a certain beha
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What does it mean to say a psychologist understands?
They go beyond the description to the ‘why’ – to analyse, and gain insights. These might allow us to make predictions.
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What did Freud do?
He founded the psychoanalytic theory.
- theory explaining human behaviour
- way of treating mental illness
- events in childhood influence adult life & shape personality
- unconscious thinking - how we feel and what we do are governed by internal drivers
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Brain parts and functions:
What is the brainstem? What does it do?
The brainstem connects the cerebrum with the spinal cord and is concerned with breathing, heart rate and temperature
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Brain parts and functions:
What is the cerebellum? What does it do?
It's at the back of the brain, behind the brainstem. The cerebellum’s function is to coordinate voluntary muscle movements and to maintain posture, balance and equilibrium
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Brain parts and functions:
What is the cerebrum? What does it do?
The cerebrum is the squiggly bit of the brain (how you'd picture the brain in your mind). It is broken down into different lobes which each have different and varying functions
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Is the brain considered an organ?
Yes
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What does the brain control?
It controls thought, memory, emotion, touch, motor skills, vision, breathing, temperature, hunger and every process that regulates our body.
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Brain parts and functions:
What is the frontal lobe? What does it do?
Front part of the brain. Responsible for thinking, memory, behaviour and movement
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Brain parts and functions:
What is the parietal lobe? What does it do?
Top centre of the brain. Responsible for language and touch
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Brain parts and functions:
What is the occipital lobe? What does it do?
Back of the brain. Responsible for sight
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Brain parts and functions:
What is the temporal lobe? What does it do?
Centre bottom of the brain. Responsible for hearing, learning and feelings
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Brain parts and functions:
What is the pituitary gland? What does it do?
pea-sized structure, found deep in the brain behind the nose. It governs the function of other glands in the body, regulating hormones surrounding thyroid, adrenals, ovaries and testicles. It receives chemical signals from the hypothalamus through its sta
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Brain parts and functions:
What is the hypothalamus? What does it do?
Located above the pituitary gland. It regulates body temperature, synchronizes sleep patterns, controls hunger & thirst and also plays a role in some aspects of memory and emotion.
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Brain parts and functions:
What is the amygdala? What does it do?
Located bottom centre of the brain. It regulates emotion and memory and are associated with the brain’s reward system, stress, and the “fight or flight” response when someone perceives a threat.
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Brain parts and functions:
What is the hippocampus? What does it do?
Above the brain stem, below the amygdala. It supports memory, learning, navigation and perception of space. It receives information from the cerebral cortex and may play a role in Alzheimer’s disease.
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Brain parts and functions:
What is the pineal gland? What does it do?
Deep in the centre of the brain. It responds to light and dark and secretes melatonin, which regulates circadian rhythms and the sleep-wake cycle.
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Who came up with fight, flight freeze response?
Charles Darwin
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What are the 5 most prominent perspectives?
Biological
Behavioural
Cognitive
Psychoanalytic
Humanistic
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What's the key points of the biological perspective?
- concerned with the biological processes in our bodies & how it impacts our behaviour (tests on brain link to body via nervous system)
- structuralism & functionalism links
- medicine treatments
- nature-nurture
- theorists = Charles Darwin (theory of ev
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What's the key points of the behavioural perspective?
- Concerned with the relationship the mind has with the body and its processes
- classical and operant conditioning
- theorists = Ivan Pavlov (dogs), Albert Bandura (social learning theory - modelling play), John Watson, B F Skinner, Edward Thorndike
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What's the key points of the cognitive perspective?
Concerned with the study of internal mental processes – such as:
Thinking and intelligence, Perception, Attention, Memory, Problem solving, Reasoning & Decision making
Theorists - Jean Piaget, George Miller
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What's the key points of the psychoanalytic perspective?
Based on Freud's theory. All about unconscious & conscious. To do with personality ID, Ego & superego, psychosexual stages & dream analysis
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What's the key points of the humanistic perspective?
About studying the person as a whole. Hierarchy of needs being basic, psychological and self-fulfilment needs.
Theorists: Abraham Maslow & Carl Rogers
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Terminology:
Define "perspective"

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there are several views in psychology which are called perspectives, view, way of looking at something

Card 3

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Terminology:
Define "approach"

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

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Terminology:
Define "theory"

Back

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Card 5

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Terminology:
Define "concept"

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