Internal factors that affect social class differences - labelling

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What are the internal factors that affect social class differences?
labelling
self fulfilling prophecy
pupil subcultures
pupil identity
streaming
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What is labelling?
to label someone is to attach a meaning to them - can be both positive or negative
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Labelling in secondary schools

What was Becker's 1971 classic study?
did an interactionist study in Chicago, interviewed 60 high school teachers and found that they were often unaware that they judged pupils on how closely they fitted the image of the ideal pupil
Middle class children seen as the most ideal working class
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What did Hempel-Jorgensen 2009 say?
Difference teachers have different views on the idea pupil
- working class areas (quiet, passive students are ideal)
- middle class areas (pupils defined in terms of personality)
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What could be considered to be the ideal pupil?
good listener
dedicated
hard worker
motivated
good communicator
helpful
interested in the subject
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How is a child labelled?
clothing
their confidence
their language
their attitude
gender
ethnicity
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Labelling study - primary school

What did Ray Rist 1970 study?
studied American kindergarten
teachers used home information to place the children in groups
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What were the fast learners called?
The Tigers

she put them in front and showed most encouragement
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What were the other 2 groups called?
Cardinals

Clowns

These students were seated further away and got lower level books
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What did Ray Rist notice?
that social class was a predictor of placement, middle class students made up the group of "fast learners" while lower class students made up the other two groups
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Ray Rist 1970

What did the teachers do?
teachers paid the most attention to the children closest to her, less to Table 2 and 3
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Ray Rist 1970

How did the children perceive themselves after being in the groups?
Table 1 - that they were treated better and started viewing themselves as smarter than their peers, they became leaders in class activities and ridiculed children on other tables calling them dumb
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Ray Rist 1970

What happened to the children at Table 3?
they stopped participating in classroom activities and by the end of the year the only children who were satisfactorily completing the daily lessons were those on Table 1
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What did Ray Rist 1970 conclude?
concluded that each childs journey through school was determined by the 8th day of kindergarten and the labels given to these children by their kindergarten teacher set them on course of action that could possibly affect the rest of their lives
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Labelling study - secondary school

What did Dunne and Gazeley 2008 find?
Interviewed 9 secondary schools
Normalised underachievement of working class
Felt they could make middle class pupils overcome underachievement
This was due to their beliefs concerning home backgrounds
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Effects of labelling

What did Sharpe and Green 1975 say?
shows similar patterns in Mapledene, a "child centred school" - children chose activities and developed at their own pace but children not ready yet could play in the wendy house, this meant middle class children got more help and working class children w
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Effects of labelling

What were Sharpe and Greens 1975 findings?
support interactionists view that children of different backgrounds were labelled differently, but they say it is not only a classroom situation a society issue
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

What is labelling?

Back

to label someone is to attach a meaning to them - can be both positive or negative

Card 3

Front

Labelling in secondary schools

What was Becker's 1971 classic study?

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

What did Hempel-Jorgensen 2009 say?

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

What could be considered to be the ideal pupil?

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
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