Individual Differences

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  • Created by: Rachel
  • Created on: 18-03-13 12:30
P L S G Y H W T O R E M X K P V N U Y Y L
A K Y R P C N C P E H Q A C T A C G N Y W
Y K Q B F A O H E C C C C O X H K A E E X
C P Y A P O I T R I A U V G E W P P U V E
B P C W O R T L A P O L Q N A X R S R M H
R C T P H P A A N R R T B I I J L Y O Y X
F X S P K P M E T O P U V T K J I C T Y F
O B B E D A R H C C P R B I B G C H R C U
I L V V Q L O L O A A A F V W B P O A T P
L K C O B A F A N L L L E E T J U P N S J
S K M W U R N T D I A R V A J U W A S C X
E U A F S U O N I N C E W P R L P T M K H
T R J L F O I E T H I L N P B O A H I A C
J I L R O I T M I I G A P R A F S O T A C
H X Q N Q V C L O B O T H O A Q X L T W F
Y G W D W A A A N I L I V A N V M O E E Q
T Q C A A H E E I T O V N C A T V G R A F
C T F N G E R D N I I I O H F T S Y S J Y
G A B K W B T I G O B S J S W U R K P R O
E R X I R T L X M N U M U G W C N K V J C
U Y U W P F B H G M Q H R T S H W E P O A

Clues

  • It is a scientific study of mental illness or mental distress, or the manifestation of behaviours and experiences, which may be an indicator of mental illness or psychological impairment. (15)
  • It is an approach based on the view that psychological disorders are caused by biological and biochemical causes. Psychopathology is thought to result from one of the four causes: infection, genetic factors, biochemistry and brain damage. (10, 8)
  • It is an approach based on the view that psychopathology is environmentally determined and learned through classical and operant conditionings and social learning theory. (11, 8)
  • It is an approach based on the view that psychopathology is resulted from faulty cognitions about others, our worlds and ourselves. Two theorists that support this assumption are Ellis (1962) and Beck (1967). (9, 8)
  • It is one of the ego defence mechanisms and it occurs when we adopt an attitude, which is directly opposite to our real feelings. (8, 9)
  • It is the idea that the behavior of the individual must be judged in terms of the specific laws, social norms and customs of their particular culture. (8, 10)
  • Jahoda (1958). Jahoda proposed looking at the elements that make up a positive state of the mental health and that if one of the elements is lacking in a person, then he/she will be likely to have mental illness. (5, 6, 6)
  • Skinner (1974). It is a form of learning in which learning new behaviours are based on the consequences of the past. Consequences such as gaining rewards or receiving punishments can modify and shape behaviour. Reinforcement is a consequence that st (7, 12)
  • This is a process found in systematic desensitization, whereby two opposing emotional states such as panic and calmness conflict with each other and the stronger one prevails. (10, 10)
  • Those are chemical messengers that transmit nerve impulses from one nerve cell to another across the synapse. Examples: Serotonin, dopamine and GABA (17)

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