Holism vs Reductionism

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  • Created by: FatCat3
  • Created on: 17-11-22 10:12
what is biological determinism?
when biological psychologists reduce behaviour to a physical level + explain it in terms of brain structures, etc
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whats environmental reductionism?
where all behaviour is reduced to simple building blocks of stimulus-response rs and associations
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whats experimental reductionism?
-a complex behaviour is reduced to a single variable for the purpose of testing
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whats holism?
idea that human behaviour should be viewed as a whole integrated experience, not separate parts
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whats the interactionist approach ?
several explanations to explain behaviours ie biological, social, cultural, etc
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what are levels of explanation?
reductionist approach suggests that there can be loads of explanations but they are at diff levels
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whats is parsimony?
idea complex phenomena should be explained in the simplest terms possible
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whats reductionism?
belief that human behaviour explained by breaking down the behaviour into smaller components
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who suggested parsimony and what does it further say?
Ockham, where there shouldn't be any unnecessary assumptions + the simplest answer is the best answer to a problem
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what does the triangle say?
.social+cultural explanations (influence of social groups)
.psychological explanations (cognitive behaviour+environment)
.biological explanations (neurons, NT, brain structure)
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give an example of each level
s+c- cultural norms/expectations
p.e- o.c/observations
b.e- hormones/brain structure
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what does the interactionism view argue against the holism?
considers levels of diff explanations and how they interact but holism considers understanding the whole experience
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give an example of reductionism in 2 topics
.psychopathology- psychological disorders-OCD uses twin studies to find that p.d is due to genes (bio deterministic)
attachment- classical conditioning s-r link (environmental reductionism)
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give an example of reductionism in 1 topic
which other approach agrees with holism?
.gest et al- holistic approach to perception, ie when we perceive smthn in the real world, we do as a whole, rather then a collection of pieces
.humanistic psychology also advocates for a holistic approach
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name the evaluations
+scientists like reductionism as it provides a casual rs (-high control lab)
+RAW of reductionism ie bio psych has invented SSRIs for OCD- soomro et al
-ignores complexity of behaviour it could be a diff
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continuing w previous card
-disorder that has similar symptoms as another disorder
-envi reductionism- behaviourists use animals which aren't humans
+holism attempts to blend diff levels of explanations-
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continuing w previous card
-to get a realistic/complete understanding of human behaviour (-doesnt establish a casual rs)
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Card 2

Front

whats environmental reductionism?

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where all behaviour is reduced to simple building blocks of stimulus-response rs and associations

Card 3

Front

whats experimental reductionism?

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

whats holism?

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

whats the interactionist approach ?

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Preview of the front of card 5
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