HIV

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  • Created by: Rscottqub
  • Created on: 04-03-20 19:08
HIV stands for
Human immunodeficiency virus
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AIDS
Acquired immuno deficiency syndrome
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Cure for HIV
there is no cure, only life prolonging treatment
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Most ppl diagnosed with HIV
die within the decade
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HIV is a retrovirus this means
it uses RNA as a template to produce DNA
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How is HIV transmitted?
unprotected sex, sharing needles, HIV+ mother --> baby , blood transfusions
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when is HIV classed as AIDS
when T cell number falls below 200cells/cm2
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HIV+ people have increased risk of 3 types of cancer
1. kaposis sarcoma 2. Carcinomas 3. B cell lymphomas
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To have a good life expectancy with HIV ...
needs to be diagnosed early, and treatment commenced asap
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2 types of HIv
Type 1- USA, europe and asia. Type 2- western africa
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3 features of HIV
Viral envelope , HIV matrix protein, HIV capsid
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Viral envelope
lipid bilayer, with proteins from host cell, also has proteins for budding and fusion
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HIV matrix proteins
protein p17 surrounds the capsid
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HIV capsid
contains the 2 single strands of RNA, protein p24, and HIV enzymes
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HIV life cycle
Virus binds to host cell, and fuses and uncoats. Viral DNA is formed from RNA using RT. This new viral DNA enters nucleus and integrase integrate it into the host genome. Transcription and translation occur and prduce new viral proteins.
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continued
the new virions bud out, leaving holes in the membrane - cell death. Mature via HIV protease - it cleaves them and makes them capable of invading other T4 cells
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3 types of anti HIV drugs
1. Inhibitors of pre transcription phase 2. inhibitors of transcription phase 3. inhibitors of post transcription phase
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inhibitors of pre transcription phase
block viral entry, inhibit fusion, inhibit binding
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inhibitors of transcription phase
inhibitors of reverse transcriptase
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inhibitors of post transcription phase
integrase and HIV protease inhibitors
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2 domains of RT
p66 and p51
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p66
involved in RT- 4 subdomains - finger,thumb,palm and connection
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p66 palm
where the polymerase AS is
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p51
the ribonuclease H* active site
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Types of RT inhibitors
1. nucleoside inhibitors 2. non nucleotide inhibitors
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nucleoside inhibitors
structurally similar to nucleosides - compete for AS with substrate
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non nucleoside inhibitors
allosteric binding, conformational changes - non competitive inhibition. More resistant to mutation
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how many generations of nucleoside inhibitors
3
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1st generation discovered by
random screening
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2-3 generation discovered by
structural based discovery
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Most mutations which result in resistance is due to
a largr AA being swapped for a smaller one , this switch makes it more difficult for binding
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

AIDS

Back

Acquired immuno deficiency syndrome

Card 3

Front

Cure for HIV

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

Most ppl diagnosed with HIV

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

HIV is a retrovirus this means

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
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