History 2

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What act introduced prohibition?
Volstead Act
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What amendment to the constitution was it?
18th
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What year was prohibition introduced?
1919
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What did the act state?
No alcohol could be manufactured or sold in the USA
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when was the valentines day massacre?
14/2/1929
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Who was the leader of the killing gang?
Al capone
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How many men were killed?
7
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How many men were arrested?
0
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What was the name of the rival gang?
Bugs Moran
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Where did the massacre take place?
Chicago
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what year did america join ww1?
1917
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what year were american soldiers sent to europe?
1918
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when did america begin to feel threatened by germany?
when germany started to attack american ships to stop food getting to britain
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What did immigration have to do with america not wanting to join the war?
Many immigrants had fled from europe so why would people want to help where their ancestors had fled from?
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Why is nationality important?
it makes people feel part of a community
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why is immigration especially a problem during a depression?
immigrants can use up jobs
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why were americans even more hostile to immigrants after the war?
fear of communism - they thought immigrants fom russia and other communist countries would bring it with them
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Why was communism a destruction of the American Dream?
It took away individuality and opportunities to succeed
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Why was it ironic that America didnt like immigrants?
They called themselves a mixing-pot and a haven for people running away
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What are anarchists?
People who want to overthrow the government
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Why was racism so prevelant in america?
Slavery had only recently been abolished
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What was the tax on imported goods called?
Fordney-McCumber
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What year was the tax introduced?
1922
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What does Laissez-faire mean?
to leave be
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what year did women become able to vote in all states?
1920
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Why did the boom help domestic work?
vacuum cleaners and other household appliances became readily avaliable
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When did the KKK begin
the civil war
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What was the irrational fear held by the KKK members?
that black men would go around ****** white women due to inability to control themselves
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what did the kkk claim to protect white southern americans from?
free black americans and nothern americans
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what did the klan use to defend their beliefs?
violence
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what is lynching?
executing without trial
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what does WASP stand for?
White Anglo Saxon Protestants
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approximately how many members did the kkk have in 1924
4.5 million
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which two states had governors who were kkk members?
oregon and oklahoma
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what was the policy of appeasement?
an attempt by britain and france to give hitler what he wanted in order to avoid war in the hope he would stop pushing
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when was the sudetenland crisis?
1938
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who was Benes?
the leader of czechoslovakia
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what did benes realise?
that hitler's next move r.e. lebensraum would be to invade czechoslovakia
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What was the name of the Nazi representative in the sudetenland?
Henlein
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What did benes think would be britain and france's reaction to hitler invading?
he thought they would continue with the policy of appeasement
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what did hitler get henlein to do?
he got him to stir up trouble amongst the german people in czechoslovakia
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why was taking over czechoslovakia harder than austria?
benes was prepared to fight and had a more powerful army. He also had the support of USSR, Britain and France
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What were the demands made by the german people in czechoslovakia?
That the sudetenland would become part of germany again
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What happened in May 1938
Hitler announced his plans to fight Czechoslovakia if they would not give him the sudetenland
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What happened in Summer 1938?
Tension rose in Europe as they prepared for war
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What happened in september 1938?
Chamberlain flew to meet Hitler
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What did Hitler say at the meeting?
That he only wanted part of the sudetenland and only then if a plebiscite showed that the people wanted that too
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When was the Munich agreement?
September 29th
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Who took part at the munich agreement?
Italy, Britain, Germany and France
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What was decided at the munich agreement?
that germany would gain the sudetenland
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When did Hitler increase his demands?
September 22nd
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What was Hitler's justification for this?
He said the german people were being mistreated
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What was Chamberlain's reaction?
He said this was unreasonable
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Why was the USSR annoyed at not being involved in the munich agreement?
Lebensraum would affect them most in the future and they wanted an ally with britain and france
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What happened on September 30th 1938?
Chamberlain and Hitler published a joint declaration about the munich agreement and encouraged peace in Europe
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When did Germany invade the Sudetenland?
October 1st 1938
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When did Hitler invade the rest of Czechoslovakia?
1939
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What was the ultimatum set by Britain and France?
If Hitler invaded Poland, they would declare war
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When did Anschluss take place?
1938
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Why did Hitler want to destroy the TOV?
It was regarded as humiliation for Germany
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Who was the leader of Austria?
Schussnigg
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What happened on February 12th 1938?
Austria agreed to appoint some Nazi ministers to the Austrian Cabinet
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What happened on March 1st 1938?
Unrest broke out in Austria, caused by Nazis
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What happened on March 11th 1938?
Hitler demanded the resignation of Schussnigg
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What was the reaction?
Schussnigg gave in and the Nazi representative was made chancellor
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Where was the disarmament conference
Geneva
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When was the disarmament conference?
1932-34
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What did the Anglo-Nazi treaty allow germany to do?
increase its navy up to 35 percent of the british navy
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who signed the anglo-nazi treaty?
britain and germany
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When was the anglo-nazi treaty signed?
1935
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when was the nazi-soviet pact signed?
24th August 1939
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when was the cuban missile crisis?
1962
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Why was it so bad for missiles to be placed on cuba?
they would mean that the early warning systems used by america would not work
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when did america gain control of cuba?
in the civil war
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What was cuba a hotspot for?
gambling
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what did cuba produce for the usa?
bananas, cigars and rum
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who was in charge of the gambling in cuba?
the mafia
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Who was the leader of cuba?
Batista
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What was Batista?
An anti-communist who did whatever the USA wanted him to
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Who was Fidel Castro?
A communist who wanted to run Cuba for its own interests
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What year was the revolution in Cuba?
1959
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What happened to Batista?
He was killed and Castro took over
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What did this reveal about the policy of containment?
That it had failed
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Why did relations between the USA and Cuba worsen after this?
Thousands of cuban exiles formed powerful pressure groups that demanded action against castro
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What did Eisenhower do in June 1960?
authorised the cia to investigate ways of overthrowing castro
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What did the CIA do to do this?
Provided funds and support to cuban exiles and investigated ways of damaging the cuban economy
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What did american companies in cuba do?
refused to co-operate with any cuban business using products from the USSR
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How did the American media criticise Cuba?
They broadcasted a stream of criticism of castro and his regime
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What was Castro's reaction?
He assured americans living in cuba that they were safe and allowed the USA to keep its naval base there
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What did Castro do in the summer 1960?
He allied Cuba with the USSR
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What did the USSR give Cuba?
$100 million in economic aid and arms
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How many cuban exiles were involved in the bay of pigs invasion?
1400
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When was the invasion?
1961
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How many cuban troops met the exiles at the bay of pigs?
20 000
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How long did it take for all the exiles to be captured or killed?
days
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What were the cuban troops armed with?
tanks and modern weapons
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what did the half-hearted invasion suggest to Cuba and the USSR
that the USA were reluctant to get directly involved with Cuba
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How did the failed invasion affect Kennedy's reputation?
It made Kennedy look weak
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How did it lead to the placing of missiles in cuba?
It meant that Castro trusted the USA less and so allowed the USSR to place missiles on Cuba
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what was ExComm?
a special team of advisors hired by Kennedy to help him deal with the crisis
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what happened on tuesday 16th October 1962?
Kennedy was informed of the missile build up and formed excomm
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What happened on saturday 20th?
Kennedy decided to blockade Cuba
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What happened on monday 22nd?
Kennedy announced the blockade and called on the USSR to withdraw the missiles
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What happened on Tuesday 23rd?
Khrushchev writes a letter to Kennedy declining the presence of missiles and saying that soviet ships will not observe the blockade
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What happened on Wednesday 24th?
The blockade began.
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What happened when the first soviet ships approached the blockade zone?
They stopped and turned around
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What happened on Thursday 25th?
It was revealed that work on missile bases in Cuba was still proceeding
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What happened on Friday 26th?
Khruschev wrote another letter to Kennedy, admitting the presence of the missiles but claiming they were soley for defence purposes.
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What did Khrushchev ask for in his letter?
Assurance that the USA would not attack Cuba
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What negotiation did Khrushchev mention in his letter?
He said if the blockade was lifted they could discuss the removal of the missiles
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What happened on Saturday 27th?
Khrushchev wrote another letter to Kennedy
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What did this letter say?
That if the USA removed their missiles from Turkey then the USSR would remove their missiles from Cuba
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What happened to speed up the process?
A U2 plane was shot down and the pilot killed - Kennedy was advised to attack cuba
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What was Kennedy's reaction?
He decided not to attack yet and ignored Khrushchev's third letter but agreed with the demands set on the 26th
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What did Kennedy promise?
That if the USSR did not remove the missiles an attack would follow
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When did Khrushchev remove the missiles?
Sunday 28th October 1962
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When did France pull out of NATO?
1966
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What else did france do in 1966?
Ended their military alliance with America
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Why did france do these things?
They didnt want to have to help america if the USA and USSR entered into nuclear war
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When was a communications link set up between the USA and USSR?
June 1963
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When was the Nuclear Test Ban Treaty signed?
1963
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What did this state?
That Nuclear weapons were not allowed to be tested in space, the sea or above ground but underground tests were still allowed
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Card 2

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Card 3

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Card 4

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Card 5

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when was the valentines day massacre?

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