History Paper 1: Crime & Punishment through time

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  • Created by: JS13
  • Created on: 18-05-22 19:42
What is a crime?
Going against the law
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What is law enforcement?
A method of making people obey the law
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What is a punishment?
A consequence for breaking the law
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Example of crime against a person
Murder
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Example of crime against a property
Arson
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Example of crime against authority
Treason
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What is collective responsibility?
Everyone is responsible for law enforcement
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What is a deterrence?
A way of preventing others from committing the same crime
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What is retribution?
Punishing someone with severity equal to the severity of their crime
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What is rehabilitation?
Helping the person who committed the crime to improve so they don't do it again
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Anglo Saxons section
Anglo-Saxons
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Who made the laws?
The King
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What did the nobles do?
Enforced the law on their land
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What was the hue and cry?
Everyone stopped what they were doing to all chase after the criminal
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What was a tithing?
A group of 10 men aged 12 and over - they were responsible for each other's behaviour
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What was a shire-reeve?
Someone who governed a shire and could summon a 'posse' to hunt a criminal
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What was a reeve?
Someone who enforced the law in the Hundreds and ran local courts
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What were the 3 types of court?
Royal, Shire and Hundred
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Who judged the most serious crimes?
The King
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Who judged less serious crimes?
A jury
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What were compurgations?
Swearing an oath of your (or someone else's) innocence
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What was trial by ordeal?
When God judged your innocence
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Give examples of trials by ordeal
Trial by hot iron, hot water and cold water
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What were the main aims of Anglo-Saxon punishments?
Deterrence and retribution
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What was the blood feud?
Killing the person who killed someone you cared about
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What was the wergild?
Fine paid by the perpetrator to the victim depending on the injury inflicted
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What were corporal punishments?
Physical punishments
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Norman Period
Norman Period
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When did the Normans conquer England?
1066
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How did law enforcement change?
They became more centralised
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What was the King's Mund?
'The King's Mund' - Breaking any law was a direct attack on the King
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1) What were the Forest Laws?
2) What new crime was introduced as a result?
1) All English forests became royal property
2) Poaching
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Give 2 continuities in law enforcement
Tithings, Hue and cry, Court system, Shire-reeves and reeves
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Give 2 new methods of law enforcement?
Castles, Feudal System, Terror
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1) What was the murdrum?
2) Who received the money paid?
1) If a Norman was found dead, the whole Hundred it was found in had to pay a fine had the murderer not been found yet
2) The King
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What crimes did Church Courts deal with?
Moral crimes
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Late Medieval Section
Late Medieval Section
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Who did the King have to listen to by 1265?
Parliament
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What was a consequence of the Black Death?
Less workers, 1/3 of the population was killed
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1) What was the Statute of Labourers?
2) When was it passed?
1) It was illegal to seek demand higher wages
2) 1351
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When was the Treason Act?
1351
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What was a heretic?
Someone who went against the religion of the country
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What did the Assize of Clarendon create?
Justices of the Eyre (Royal Judges) and County Gaols
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What was a Justice of the Peace?
A man appointed by the king to keep the peace
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1) What was benefit of the clergy?
2) What was the neck-verse?
1) The right for priests to only be put on trial in Church Courts
2) An extract from the Bible you had to say to be put on trial in Church Courts
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How were punishments different in a Church Court?
No capital punishment so it was (seen as) less harsh
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1) What was Sanctuary?
2) Why didn't monarchs like it?
1) The Church gave you protection if you were fleeing from a crime
2) They felt it undermined their power
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Why did Henry II order the murder of Thomas Becket?
Henry II wanted him to get rid of Church Courts but proceeded not to
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Early Modern Section
Early Modern Section
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Give reasons why crime and punishment changed
Population growth, Civil War, Printing Press, Religious turmoil, Fear of the poor
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What did the 1601 Poor Law Act do?
It made a distinction between the deserving poor and the undeserving poor
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What did the 1671 Game Act make illegal?
Hunting on enclosed land
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What were new crimes in this period?
Witchcraft, smuggling
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Why was crime different under Cromwell?
(1649 onwards)
He was a puritan and introduced a lot of strict laws
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What was the Reformation?
Breaking away from the Roman Catholic Church
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How many capital crimes were there by 1765?
160
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How many capital crimes were there by 1815?
225 - The Bloody Code
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Why did vagabonds disappear after the Early Modern period?
Transportation, more jobs
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1) What year was the Gunpowder Plot?
2) Who was the king at this point?
1) 1605
2) James I
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1)How many witches were executed over 200 years?
2) How many witches were accused 1645-1647?
1) 1000
2) 200 witches
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What percentage of accusations were made towards women?
90%
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What was a ___ cause for the witch-craze?:
1) Political
2) Social
3) Economic
4) Religious
1) English Civil War
2) Widows, Misogyny, Patriarchy, Printing Press
3) Poor harvests
4) Eve's temptation by the devil, Closure of nunneries
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1) In what year was the Tolpuddle Martyrs?
2) What did they demand?
3) What were they sentenced?
4) How did people react?
1) 1834
2) Better wages
3) Transportation to Australia for 7 years
4) They protested and the Martyrs were pardoned in 1836
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Industrial Age
Industrial Age
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When was witchcraft decriminalised?
1735
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1)When did the Bloody Code end?
2) Why?
1) 1841 - Only murder and treason were punishable by death
2) Changing attitudes, alternatives like transportation, criminal could escape
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1) When did public executions end?
2) Why?
1) 1868
2) No longer instilled fear in people, danger of the criminal escaping if the crowd like them, Encourage crime in the crowds
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How many people were transported to Australia between 1780 - 1860?
160,000
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When did transportation end?
1857
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Modern Period
Modern Period
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1) What 2 crimes were decriminalised?
2) When?
1) Abortion and homosexuality
2) 1967
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1) When was a fingerprint database set up?
2) What was the 'beat' replaced with?
3) When was the Neighbourhood Watch set up? How many households were involved?
1) 1901
2) Rapid response teams
3) 1982, 3.8 million
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1) What did the 1948 Criminal Justice Act?
2) What did the 1948 Children and Young Persons Act do?
1) National system of borstals
2) Focused on protecting young people rather than punishing them
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What was the 1916 Military Service Act?
Lord Kitchener introduced conscription
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1) How many COs went before tribunals?
2) What was the problem with military tribunals?
3) How many were exempt?
4) How many were rejected?
1) 16,000
2) Made up of ex-soldiers
3) 400
4) 2,600
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How many COs registered in WW2?
60,000
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

What is law enforcement?

Back

A method of making people obey the law

Card 3

Front

What is a punishment?

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

Example of crime against a person

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

Example of crime against a property

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
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