HISTORY - NATURE OF CRIME

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  • Created by: hollyp123
  • Created on: 09-06-19 15:49
What were there a sharp rise of in the 16th century?
Poverty.
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What were vagabonds?
Wandering beggars who turned to crime.
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What specialist tricks did vagabonds use to gain money from people? (4)
The angler, the counterfeit crank, the clapper dudgeon and the Abraham man.
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What did the 'angler' do?
Used a hooked stick to reach through windows and steal goods.
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What did the 'counterfeit crank' do?
Dressed in tatty clothes and pretended to suffer from falling sickness.
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What did the 'clapper dudgeon' do?
Tied arsenic to their skin in order to make it bleed and attract sympathy while begging.
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What did the 'Abraham man' do?
Pretended to be mad in order to attract donations through pity.
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How did Tudor governments deal with vagrancy? (3)
Flogged/branded them, made towns tackle the problem and made it the duty of each local parish to provide aid for its poor, but also punish vagabonds.
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What did the official religion in Britain switch between?
Roman Catholic and Protestant.
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What happened to people who refused to follow the 'official' religion of the country?
Accused of heresy, a crime punishable by death.
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What happened to those who disagreed with the switch in faiths? (3)
Some went into exile abroad, others were willing to die for what they believed in and others learned to keep quiet and pretended to conform.
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Who was Robert Ferrer?
Bishop of St. David's, burned at Camarthen in 1555.
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Who was Rawlins White?
A fisherman, burned at Cardiff in 1555.
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Who was William Nichol?
A labourer, burned at Haverfordwest in 1558.
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Who was Richard Gwyn?
A school teacher from Llanidloes, who was executed at Wrexham in 1584 for spreading catholic ideas.
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Who was John Penry?
A puritan, executed in London in 1593, accused of spreading Puritan ideas.
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What made criminals considerable amounts of money in the 18th century?
Smuggling goods illegally into the country and selling them unofficially on the black market.
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How many people did gangs employ?
Between 50 and 100.
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What did the 'venturer' and the 'spotsman' do?
Venturer = the investor, Spotsman = responsible for directing the ship to shore.
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What did the lander, the tubsman and the batsman do?
Lander = arranged the unloading of the smuggled cargo, Tubsman = carried the goods, Batsman = protected the tubsman.
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What caused the increase in smuggling?
Change in government policy over customs and excise duties.
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What caused the decline in smuggling?
Government reduced duties to make smuggling unprofitable.
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Who was William Owen and what did he do?
Operated a smuggling gang along Cardigan Bay and the Llyn Peninsula during the 1720s & 1730s.
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Who was Sion Cwilt and what did he do?
Operated along the Cardiganshire Coast in the mid-18th century, storing smuggled goods in sea caves.
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Who were the Lucus Family and what did they do?
Involved in smuggling activity on Gower, South Wales, storing their goods in a cave at Culver Hole.
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What act did the Government introduce in 1718 to reduce smuggling?
A Hovering Act - made it illegal for vessels smaller than 50 tons to wait within six miles of the shore.
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What act did the Government introduce in 1736 to reduce smuggling?
An Act of Indemnity - making it possible to give the death penalty for injuring Customs and Excise officers if they were trying to stop smuggling, as well as heavy fines for smuggling and a free pass for smugglers who revealed names of smugglers.
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What did the Government introduce in 1784?
A reduction in tea tax from 119% to 12.5%.
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Which crime became more common in the 18th century?
Highway robbery.
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What was highway robbery?
Stopping people as they travel along a road, usually in a coach, and robbing them.
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What were footpads?
Robbers who attacked pedestrians.
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Name three features of highway robbers.
Often armed, worked in pairs and mounted.
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Who was a famous highway robber?
**** Turpin.
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Why did highway robbery decline as the 18th century ended? (3)
Roads became busier, banknotes had to be cashed in & could be traced, and in London, a horse patrol was set up in 1805 to guard the main roads.
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What caused people to move from the countryside to overcrowded towns?
Industrialisation and urbanisation.
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What were rookeries? Name one.
Certain areas of growing towns and cities that became notorious for criminal activties - St Giles in central London.
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What did 'thimble-screwers' do?
Stole pocket-watches from people's chains.
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What did 'prop-nailers' do?
Stole pins and brooches from women.
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What did 'drag-sneaks' do?
Stole goods or luggage from carts and coaches.
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What resulted in a real threat of revolution between 1790 and 1840? (3)
Poor living conditions, low wages and demands for political reform.
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What was Luddism and what years did it occur?
1812 - 1813: attacks on factory machines in Northern England, with handloom weavers protesting over new factory-based machine-woven cloth.
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What were the Swing Riots and what years did it occur?
1830 - 1831: agricultural labourers set fire to hayricks and smashed machines; they were angry about their poverty and the introduction of farm machinery.
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What were the Rebecca Riots and what years did it occur?
1839 - 1843: gangs of poor farmers disguised as women to hide their identity attacked tollgates in south-west Wales; they were angry about increased rents, tithe (a tax paid by farmers of one-tenth of their produce/income) payment & tolls.
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What were the Chartist Protests in Wales and what year did it occur?
1839: chartists campaigned for a reform of Parliament & the granting of the vote to all men over 21.
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What happened in April 1839 in relation to the Chartist protests?
A chartist uprising in Llanidloes involved an attack on the Trewythen Arms Hotel.
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What happened in November 1839 in relation to the Chartist protests?
Three Chartist leaders - John Frost, Zephaniah Williams & William Jones - led a march through the valleys into Newport, where 8 chartists were shot dead by soldiers.
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What were the Scotch Cattle riots and when did they occur?
1830s: colliers with blackened faces and wearing animal skins attacked the property of industrialists in south Wales; they called for strikes to protest against the truck system, high rents and wage reductions.
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Why have crime figures risen sharply since 1900? (4)
Increased reporting & recording of crime and improved policing methods & scientific technology to detect crime.
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What has the increase in the number of cars on the road led to?
New laws for regulating motorised transport.
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What has been introduced to regulate motorised transport? (3)
Speed limits (30mph on residential roads in 1934, 70mph on motorways in 1977), the breathalyser to reduce drink-driving in 1967 & the 2003 law banning the use of a hand-held mobile phone while driving.
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Name 4 common motoring offences.
Dangerous & careless driving, parking violations, speed and car theft.
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Name another 6 common motoring offences.
Failing to stop/report an accident, driving without a driving licence, no car insurance, no vehicle tax, no MOT.
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Name another 2 common motoring offences.
Not wearing a seatbelt, driving while being over the legal limit for alcohol.
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What is cyberbullying?
Repeated threatening and hostile behaviour through internet and smartphone use to intimidate and hurt someone else.
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What are sexual crimes on the internet?
Child grooming through the use of chatrooms and social networks; the sharing of illegal images of children; harassment through sharing images without consent.
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What is copyright infringement?
Illegally downloading music & film; other forms of criminal piracy.
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What are phishing scams?
Using spoof emails to trick people into revealing important information, e.g. an email that looks like it is from your bank and asks for your account details.
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What is hacking?
Gaining unauthorised access to the private records of individuals/organisations/governments.
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What is identity theft?
Stealing a person's identity and pretending to be someone else; stealing money from bank accounts via the internet.
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What methods have terrorists used to push their political demands? (6)
Hijackings, assassinations, taking hostages, bombings, suicide attacks and arson attacks.
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Name two examples of terrorist attacks.
IRA's bombing of the Arndale shopping centre in Manchester in 1996, 7/7 attacks on 7th July 2005 involving a series of co-ordinated suicide bomb attacks on London's public transport network.
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Who were the Mudiad Amddifyn Cymru and what did they do in 1967.?
(Movement for the Defence of Wales) - between 1963 and 1969, they attempted a number of bombings; in 1967 they blew up a water pipe carrying water from Lake Vyrnwy to Liverpool.
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What did the MAC do in July 1969?
Tried to disrupt the investiture of Prince Charles in Caernarvon Castle but their bomb exploded prematurely in Abergele.
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Who were Meibion Glyndwr? When did they operate? What did they do?
(Sons of Glyndwr) - during the 1980s and 1990s, they targeted non-Welsh speakers moving into Welsh communities; they carried out an arson campaign against holiday homes.
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What did the government introduce in 2007?
A law covering 'hate crimes'.
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What do hate crimes range from?
Criminal damage and vandalism through to harassment or physical assault.
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What are victims targeted for? (4)
Race, sexual orientation, religion or disability.
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What is the most common hate crime motivated by?
Racism.
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What has there been an increase of in recent years?
Religiously motivated hate crimes.
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What are hooligans often members of?
Gangs.
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When did football hooliganism become a particular problem?
1970s.
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What happened in 1985?
British and Italian football fans caused a wall to collapse in the Heysel Stadium in Belgium, killing 38 people.
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What do gangs use to smuggle illegal drugs into the UK? (4)
Planes, boats, trucks and people (mules).
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How do drug gangs protect their 'turf' from rival gangs?
Through violence.
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What is gun and knife crime often linked with? (2)
Juvenile gangs and drug gangs.
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Why do gang members carry knives and guns?
As protection.
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

What were vagabonds?

Back

Wandering beggars who turned to crime.

Card 3

Front

What specialist tricks did vagabonds use to gain money from people? (4)

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

What did the 'angler' do?

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

What did the 'counterfeit crank' do?

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
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