Have dilute urine, and are hypertonic. They gain water through the mouth and gills
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Saltwater Fish
Have concentrated urine and are hypotonic. The lose water through gills and the gut.
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OSMOREGULATION
The method of which animals maintain the water and mineral salt content of their bodies fluids at the correct level.
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Adaptions of a Freshwater Fish
They have many, large glomeruli to filter lots of water from the blood. High filtration rate. Kidney tubules are very efficient at reabsorbing salts from the glomerular filtrate back into the blood.
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Adaptions of Saltwater Fish
Kidneys have few, small glomeruli so there is a low rate of filtration and water remains in the blood. chloride secretory cells in the gills actively excrete salts back into the sea. requires energy.
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Migration Fish
Change their osmotic environment during their life cycle.
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Desert Animals Adaptations
No sweat/nasal and mouth dry - reduces water loss. High level of ADH/long kidney tubules - increase water reabsorption.
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Maintaing water balance in Plants (1)
Transpiration Stream - Water in soil eneters cell by osmosis. Root hair increases the surface are for absorption. Root cortex - H2O moves cell to cell down a conc. gradient. Through cell walls by diffusion. H2O enters Xylem by osmosis.
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Maintaing water balance in Plants (2)
Water sticks to walls of Xylem by ADHESION. Water molecules tend to stick together by COHESION. The TRANSPIRATION PULL is a weaker force that moves water up the vessel. Water evaporates mostly through holes in the leave (stomata)
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Structure of Stomata
Stomatal opening and closing is dependant on changes in turgur in the guard cells.
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XEROPHYTES - water is short supply (adaptations)
Thick epidermis/cuticle- reduced evaporation. few stomata/leaves or needle leaves - trap layer of moist air. wide roots/long tap roots - reach/absorb max. water. etc.
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HYDROPHYTES - in water (adaptations)
Long leaf stalks - help plant adapt to change in water levels. Stomata on upper surface - allow gas exchange with air. Xylem reduced - water supports. etc
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Other cards in this set
Card 2
Front
Saltwater Fish
Back
Have concentrated urine and are hypotonic. The lose water through gills and the gut.
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