Henry VIII & Wolsey

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  • Created by: 15mkooner
  • Created on: 19-05-21 11:48
What did Henry enjoy doing in his spare time?
- sports: jousting, tennis, hunting
- languages: French and Latin
- he was a good musician
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How was Henry's early reign similar to his father's?
- married quickly (to his brother's widow, Catherine of Aragon) in 1509
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How was Henry's reign different to his father's?
He did not need to consolidate the throne because he was not considered a usurper
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What 3 important decisions did Henry make in the first 5 years of his reign?
- 1510 - excused Empson and Dudley
- 1511 - Joined the Anti-French Holy League
- 1513 - War with France
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What happened to Wolsey in 1515?
He was appointed Lord Chancellor and Cardinal
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What were Henry's foreign policy aims?
- gaining wealth and territory
- diplomatic success to ensure England wasn't isolated
- Military glory (to conquer France)
- Form individual alliances (to further his power)
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What happened in the war against France in 1513?
- Henry led an army of 30,000 to Calais
- Successes = 1) Captured Therouanne and Tournai
2) Secured the marriage of Mary to Phillip of Spain
- Failures = 1) The towns captured were expensive to defend
2) Scotland renewed the Auld Alliance
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What happened in Scotland in 1513?
- Battle of Flodden - Scotland defeated by the English army
- James IV died along with 1/3 of Scottish army
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How much did Henry spend on war in 1511-13?
£960,000
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What treaty was made in 1518 and what did it involve?
- Treaty of London
- More than 24 European countries joined, it ended English isolation within Europe and returned Tournai to France
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What diplomatic event happened in 1520? Was it a success or failure?
- Field of Cloth of Gold
It was Expensive but cheaper than war
It failed because it excluded HRE Charles V as well as coming to no diplomatic agreement, it left the English economy suffering.
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What was Henry awarded in 1512?
'Defender of the Faith' by the pope for his devotion to Catholicism
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Why was 1521 a turning point for foreign policy?
- Treaty of London ended
- Treaty of Bruges signed
- Beginning of Habsburg-Valois conflict
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What was the Treaty of Bruges?
- 1521 made by Wolsey and Charles V (anti-French)
- Countries would defend one another in a war against France - kept a secret o that England would still receive the French pension
- Charles betrothed to Mary Tudor
- As a result of this, came the 2nd Fren
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How significant was the failure of the Amicable Grant?
Henry was unable to join the war against France, so became unpopular. This caused public protests and it was all blamed on Wolsey.
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Why was 1525 considered to be a turning point in English foreign policy?
- HRE Charles married Isabella of Portugal, rather than Mary Tudor
- Henry abandoned the alliance with Spain to pursue a policy with France
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What was the 'Treaty of the More'?
1525 - France agreed to pay an annual pension of £20,000 in return for Henry to give up his claim to France
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What was the 'League of the Cognac'?
1526 - France, Papacy, Venice and Florence to put pressure on Charles to cease violence in Milan. Henry refused to join this.
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What was the Treaty of Westminster?
- 1527 - Henry joined the League of Cognac
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What was the Treaty of Amiens?
1527 - Treaty with France, declaration of war and trade embargo with HRE Charles
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What was the Treaty of Cambrai?
-1529 - Ended wars between France and Spain
- Confirmed Charles' control of Italy
- Henry not invited to join - became isolated
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What 5 areas of Domestic Policy did Wosley focus on?
- legal reforms
- social reforms
- financial reforms
- relations with the nobility
- administration
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Why was Wolsey's domestic policy not very successful?
- prioritised foreign policy
- used the legal system to his own benefit
- resented by the nobles
- Amicable Grant rebellion
Only summoned by Parliament twice
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How did Wolsey personify all that was wrong with the Catholic church?
- pressured the pope to make him a cardinal
- pluralist
- built Hampton Court Palace with church money
- took a vow of celibacy but fathered 2 children
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What were the reasons for Henry seeking an annulment?
- love for Anne Boleyn
- Conscience
- Desire for male heir
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What biblical evidence supports Henry's belief that marrying CofA was immoral?
"If a man marries his brother's wife, it is an act of impurity; he has dishonoured his brother. They will be childless." Leviticus 20:21
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Why did Henry need to remarry in order to have a male heir?
- Mary was female and female rule was frowned upon. England had never had a female ruler prior to this.
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What 3 methods did Wolsey attempt to obtain a divorce?
- Scriptual = questioned papal validity
- Dispensation = Suggested Catherine's marriage to Arthur had been consummated
- Diplomatic legal affairs = announced that the divorce would take place in England without the pope's presence.
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What fact suggests the church was popular with ordinary people in the 1520s?
Between 1520 + 29, 57% of people in Cornwall/Devon left money in their wills to the Church
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What were the main reasons for Wolsey's fall in 1529?
- failure to obtain an annulment for Henry
- Foreign policy failure
- Court factions (e.g: The Boleyn faction)
- Failure of the 1525 Amicable Grant

Wolsey was charged with treason on the 4th November 1530 and died on his was to his execution.
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

How was Henry's early reign similar to his father's?

Back

- married quickly (to his brother's widow, Catherine of Aragon) in 1509

Card 3

Front

How was Henry's reign different to his father's?

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

What 3 important decisions did Henry make in the first 5 years of his reign?

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

What happened to Wolsey in 1515?

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
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