H&SC Unit 1 Key Terms (1)
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- Created by: gemmasophie282
- Created on: 07-01-20 10:08
an increase in some measured quantity, such as height or weight
Growth
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complex changes including an increase in skills, abilities and capabilities
Development
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lines on a graph used to show average measurements of height, weight and head circumference. The lines represent the values of the measurements taking into account age and sex
Centile lines (percentiles)
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a description of an average set of expectations with respect to a young child's development. For example, by the age of 12 months a child has the ability to stand alone
Development norms
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an ability achieved by most children by a certain age.
Milestone
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large movements that involve using the large muscles of the body which are required for mobility, for example rolling over
Gross motor skills
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involve smaller movements that require more precise direction (dexterity) and use smaller muscles, for example picking up a pencil
Fine motor skills
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an important status change following the onset of puberty during which a young person develops from a child into an adult
Adolescence
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a period of rapid growth during which young people reach sexual maturity, and become biologically able to reproduce and secondary sexual characteristics develop
Puberty
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chemical substances produced in the body and transported in the blood stream that control or regulate body cells or body organs.
Hormones
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the ending of female fertility, including the cessation of menstruation and reduction in production of female sex hormones
Menopause
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an estimate of the number of years, on average, that a person can expect to live. Sometimes called longevity
Life expectancy
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when a person has trouble remembering, learning new skills, concentrating or making decisions that affect their everyday life
Cognitive impairment
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the ability to solve problems using imagination without having to be involved practically. This is an advanced form of thinking that does not always need a practical context in order to take place
Abstract logical thinking
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not being able to see a situation from another person's point of view. Piaget thought that a young child assumed that other people see, hear and feel exactly the same as the child does
Egocentric thinking
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the ability to solve problems providing an individual can see or physically handle the issues involved
Concrete logical thinking
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a state of cognitive balance when a child's experience is in line with what they understand
Equilibrium
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a state of cognitive imbalance between experience and what is understood
Disequilibrium
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modifying schemas (concepts) in relation to new information and experiences
Accommodation
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the ability to recognise, understand and appropriately express emotions. It is essential for forming positive social relationships
Emotional literacy
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the ability to identify with or understand another's situation or feelings, 'walking a mile in someone else's shoes'.
Empathy
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a strong emotional connection between a child and caregiver
Attachment
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the way an individual sees themselves, their mental image of themselves
Self-image
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how a person feels about themselves, self-worth or pride
Self-esteem
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an awareness formed in early childhood of being an individual, a unique person and different from everyone else.
Self-concept (sense of identity)
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being deprived of a caregiver to whom an attachment already exists
Deprivation
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being deprived of the opportunity to form an attachment
Privation
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the fear and apprehension that infants experience when separated from their primary caregiver
Separation anxiety
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when an infant becomes anxious and fearful around strangers
Stranger anxiety
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genetic inheritance and other biological factors
Nature
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the influence of external factors after conception such as social and environmental factors
Nurture
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a genetically programmed sequence of change, for example the onset of the menopause
Maturation
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the behaviour is repeated because of personal satisfaction (intrinsic reinforcement) or rewards (extrinsic reinforcement)
Positive reinforcement
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the behaviour is not repeated to avoid an adverse experience such as lack of satisfaction or to avoid being told off
Negative reinforcement
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a predisposition or vulnerability to mental disorder through abnormality of the brain or neurotransmitters
Diathesis
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inherited genes that determine physical growth, development, health and appearance
Genetic predisposition
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an increased likelihood of acquiring a disease because of an individual's genetic makeup
Susceptibility
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present at birth
Congenital
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congenital defects of the brain, spine or spinal cord, such as spina bifida.
Neural tube defects
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a substance that contaminates something such as air or water and may make it unsafe
Pollutant
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conditions affecting the upper respiratory tract, trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, alveoli, pleura and pleural cavity
Respiratory disorders
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any disorder or disease of the heart or blood vessels
Cardiovascular problems
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excessively low body temperature, below 35 ºC (normal body temperature is 37 ºC)
Hypothermia
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a family that is not providing all of the support and benefits associated with being in a family
Dysfunctional family
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a definition of the different strategies/ways that parents use to bring up their children
Parenting styles
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the middle value in a list of numbers written in numerical order.
Median
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assumptions that we use to make sense of our social experience
Attitude
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the process of learning appropriate behaviour in society. Influences include education, media, government and religion/culture
Secondary socialisation
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the process of a child learning the norms, attitudes and values of the culture and society in which they are growing up
Primary socialisation
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principles that we use to guide our thoughts and decisions
Values
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how a person spends their time and money, a 'style' of living
Lifestyle
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events that are expected to happen at a particular time. While expected they may have a positive or negative effect on a person's health and well being
Predictable events
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events that happen unexpectedly which may have serious physical and psychological effects on the individual. These effects can be positive or negative
Unpredictable events
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the soft tissue that protects the surfaces of the bone
Cartilage
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symptoms include problems with language, memory and thought processes caused by problems in the blood supply to the brain, for example through stroke
Vascular dementia
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someone who delivers person-centred care in a domiciliary (home) setting, which encourages independence
Enabler
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organs specifically needed for reproduction (present at birth and develop during puberty)
primary sexual characteristics
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physical signs of sexual maturation that do not directly involve sex organs (develop during puberty)
secondary sexual characteristics
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Other cards in this set
Card 2
Front
complex changes including an increase in skills, abilities and capabilities
Back
Development
Card 3
Front
lines on a graph used to show average measurements of height, weight and head circumference. The lines represent the values of the measurements taking into account age and sex
Back
Card 4
Front
a description of an average set of expectations with respect to a young child's development. For example, by the age of 12 months a child has the ability to stand alone
Back
Card 5
Front
an ability achieved by most children by a certain age.
Back
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