Globalisation of World Politics

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Define globalisation
The widening, deepening and speeding up of worldwide interconnectedness
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What do some hyperglobalists argue about the negative impact of globalisation?
That it is weakening the impact of the sovereign nation-state
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Give an example of the negative economic effects of globalisation
The global financial crisis
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Give an example of an outcome of technological interconnectedness
The 2011 Arab Spring
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What is G20?
The forum shared between the 20 most powerful global economies
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What does the Financial Action Task Force do?
Brings together global experts on money laundering
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What does the Dublin Group do?
Brings together international drug enforcement agencies
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What does Acharya argue about the study of IR?
That it is westernised and doesn't reflect the majority of the world's population
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What is theory always for?
Someone and some purpose
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When was the Peace of Westphalia?
1648
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What did the Peace of Westphalia mark?
The end of the Thirty Years War
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What did the Peace of Westphalia acknowledge?
The notion of statehood
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What are the key features of the Westphalian system?
Internal sovereignty, external sovereignty and common assumption of international anarchy
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What does internal sovereignty mean?
States enjoy sovereign jurisdiction
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What does external sovereignty mean?
States recognise each other as sovereign, independent and legally equal
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What does the common assumption of international anarchy mean?
No higher authority above the state
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What are defining qualities of a state?
Territorial integrity, political independence, legal equality, capacity to act independently and autonomously in world affairs
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What ir positives came out of WW1?
Liberal internationalism, Wilson's fourteen points, collective security, international institutions, ToV and League of Nations
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What IR theory became dominant at the end of WW2?
Realism
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What happened in ir immediately following WW2?
Nuclear age, realism dominant, creation of the UN, decolonisation and emergence of US as global power
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What led to the expansion of nation states?
Decolonisation
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Between 1947-1980 how many British territories were granted independence?
Forty nine
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When was the Cuban Missile Crisis?
1962
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What theory triumphed at the end of the Cold War?
Liberalism
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What does unipolarity mean?
One sole hegemonic power
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What does bipolarity mean?
Two hegemonic powers
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What is an issue with history?
It depends on who is telling it as to the truth
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How much flows across the foreign exchange market every day?
More than $4 trillion
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How many NGOs are there globally?
More than 45,000
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What percentage of the population own more than half of global household wealth?
Two
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Does globalisation imply universality?
No
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What is the primary actor according to realists?
The state
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Who does globalisation serve the interest on according to realists?
The most powerful states
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According to liberalists, what does economic freedom lead to?
Political freedom
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What distinguishes IR from world news?
Theory
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How do realists criticise idealists?
For being too utopian, neglecting the role of power and believing that humans can live without war
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What was the theory before liberalism?
Realism
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What is the defining theory of all other IR theories?
Realism
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What are the core assumptions of realism?
Statism, survival and self-help
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What is statism?
The concept that the state is the main actor in politics, importance of state sovereignty and the distinction between domestic hierarchy and international hierarchy
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Wha is the concept of survival in realism?
Anarchical state system, survival of the state cannot be guaranteed and so there is a struggle for power
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What is the concept of self help in realism?
The idea of self reliance and no interdependency with other states, lack of trust
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What do realists see international politics as?
Power politics
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Why does a state increase its military power according to realists?
For self defence
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What effect does states increasing their security have on other states according to realists?
Makes them insecure
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What does states upping their security lead to?
A downward spiral of increased security and anarchy
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Who came up with this 'security dilemma'?
Synder
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What is the constructivist perspective of ir?
That ir looks as it does due to norms, history and society, not because of inevitability
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Give an example of a constructivist
Wendt
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Give an example of a structural realist
Mearsheimer and Waltz
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What are the human nature realist theories?
They believe that humans are hardwired with a need to pursue power
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Give an example of a human/classical realist
Morganthau, Hobbes et al
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According to realists, what causes states to behave aggressively?
The state system and the fact that there is no higher authority above the state
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What are criticisms of feminist theories?
It looks at things in a qualitative manner, it only looks at things on the small scale
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How do feminists look at things?
From an engendered lense
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What is defensive realism?
The maximisation of security in states
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What is offensive realism?
The maximisation of power in states
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What is the central concept of neorealism?
Anarchical state system
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Why is peace possible according to liberalists?
Due to a liberal international order
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What is central to whether a state can be peaceful or not according to liberalists?
Whether it is democratic or not
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What are the key concepts of liberalism?
Economic interdependence promotes peace, globalisation is positive, states are important but not the only actors in world politics, emphasis on international organisations, international liberal order and aims of states not capabilities are important
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Give an example of a liberalist
Locke, Kant, Ikenberry, Ricardo, Nye etc
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What is democratic peace theory?
The theory that democracies do not go to war with one another
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Who supports democratic peace theory?
Doyle
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Give an example of a liberalist who places emphasis on the role of international institutions
Keohane and Nye
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What is the key concept of neoliberalism?
That due to the anarchical state system, states seek to maximise gains and peace through cooperation which reduces anarchy
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When was the English School founded?
Post WW2
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Give example of English Constructivists
Bull, Wight, Butterfield etc
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What does the English School aim to do?
Look beyond power and military force to history, laws. philosophy and values
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What did Wendt believe?
That anarchy is what states make of it
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What is the neorealist criticism of constructivism?
It does not address the issue of uncertainty
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What does marxism emphasise?
Inequality and exploitation between classes
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What is central to human and political relations according to Marx?
Economics
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Under capitalism, according to Marx, what always occurs?
A conflict between the proletariat and the bourgeoisie
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What does post-structuralism focus on?
Language and discourse
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What is the post-structuralist theory of IR?
It looks at the words used to define ir and criticises them and their meanings. What is language? What different between an economic migrant and a refugee?
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What is the post-colonial perspective?
Looks at the way in which colonialism has affected ir and deconstructs the euroscentric focus of ir
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What does feminism seek to expose?
Gender structures and hierarchies
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What is compulsory power?
Power as a relation of direct control of one state over another
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What is institutional power?
Power as an indirect power of interaction, the power to control the agenda
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What is structural power?
Having the materials to exert power over another state
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For realists, what do rising powers cause?
A disruption to the existing power balance which causes conflict
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What is the concept of securitisation?
The process of a state transforming matters into security threats
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What is economic security?
Assured income
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What is food security?
Assured access to food
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What is health security?
Guaranteed protection from disease
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What is personal security?
Protection from violence
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Give examples of imperial wars
Vietnam War, Afghanistan, Iraq etc
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

What do some hyperglobalists argue about the negative impact of globalisation?

Back

That it is weakening the impact of the sovereign nation-state

Card 3

Front

Give an example of the negative economic effects of globalisation

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

Give an example of an outcome of technological interconnectedness

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

What is G20?

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
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