Droughts, volcanoes, landslides, floods, tropical storms and earthquakes.
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Volcanoes
Spatially concentrated as it only affects 0.04% of the land's surface. E.g. December 2009, Mount Mayon erupted and caused $47 million in damage.
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Droughts
This is when rainfall is 50% less than the 3 month median. 70% of the agricultural population is affected. E.g. the republic of China was affected by a drought in December 2010; 600 people affected.
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Floods
10% of the land's surface is very flood prone. E.g. In October 2011, 600 people were affected by a drought in Kilbride, Dublin, Ireland.
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Landslides
They occur in the mountainous areas. E.g. Scotts Valley landslide: 2012 (California's landslides).
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Storms
Affects 24% of the world's population. E.g. Typhoon Mina affected Quezon city in the Philippines and killed 43 people.
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Earthquakes
Affects 7.5% of the land's surface. E.g. In 2009, an earthquake in Georgia affected 7,000 people.
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Physical factor of hazards: El Nino (In South America)
This is the reverse of normal. The weak trade winds cause a eastward flow where warm water moves east and the cold Peru current is suppressed. The warm water in South America causes low pressure (increased evaporation leading to rain) and flood.
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Physical factor of hazards: El Nino (In Australia)
There is high altitude winds causing high pressure (descending air). There are droughts and fires due to the lack of water.
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Parts of El Nino
Jetstream (winds change), thermocline (boundary between hot and cold water flattens and sea levels drop-devastating on habitats, e.g. plankton die). Walker's circulation.
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El Nino affected country
Peru. The Peruvian government have a centre for forecasts, e.g. they have adapted farming for rice which thrives in wet conditions.
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Populations increase disaster scenario
Pressure on hazard prone areas, e.g. Bangladesh. An increase in the greying population in MEDCs and OECDs.
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Poverty
Can't afford technology. Poorly educated and poor communications. Corrupt government may misuse resources and prevent aid.
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Urbanisation
Rural-urban migration leads to emergence of squatter settlements. Also informal housing (e.g. made out of corrugated metal) makes people more vulnerable.
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Exploitation of resources, e.g. deforestation
In order to gain farmland. Destroys the Earth's natural defences. E.g. the destruction of mangroves can lead to silitation that can cause higher sea levels inevitably flooding. They also prevented coastal erosion.
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Trends in people killed
Steady rate and some fluctuations. 25,000-40,000 deaths a year approximately. Exceptions such as the South Asia tsunami, boxing day 2004-killed 250,000.
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Trends in economic losses
Grown, in fact they have tripled.
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People affected
Fluctuations but seems that there is a rising trend: probably due to vulnerability in developing countries.
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Other cards in this set
Card 2
Front
Spatially concentrated as it only affects 0.04% of the land's surface. E.g. December 2009, Mount Mayon erupted and caused $47 million in damage.
Back
Volcanoes
Card 3
Front
This is when rainfall is 50% less than the 3 month median. 70% of the agricultural population is affected. E.g. the republic of China was affected by a drought in December 2010; 600 people affected.
Back
Card 4
Front
10% of the land's surface is very flood prone. E.g. In October 2011, 600 people were affected by a drought in Kilbride, Dublin, Ireland.
Back
Card 5
Front
They occur in the mountainous areas. E.g. Scotts Valley landslide: 2012 (California's landslides).
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