Geology Introduction

1. Perhaps the most significant event in Earth history, the ‘settling’ of material according to density resulted in a layered Earth. This concentric arrangement of material led to the formation of continents, oceans, and the atmosphere. (5, 7, 6)
3. The ______ ____ _____ is the result of the collaboration of many earth scientists working together to construct a chronology of events on Earth. Relative geological time scale & absolute geological time scale. (10, 4, 5)
4. ______ is a : tentative explanations of observed phenomena, from which there may or may not emerge verifiable predictions. (10)
5. _________ dating is used to determine the absolute age of rock body (11)
10. The Principle of ____________ holds that the laws of nature have been constant through time and that present-day processes have operated throughout Earth’s history; therefore, we can better understand past events by studying modern processes (17)

2. During the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, people believed that Earth’s features (mountains, valleys, oceans, rivers) were permanent and had been produced by a few great upheavals. This theory is called (12)
3. James Hutton (1726-1797), now known as the father of modern scientific geology, assembled evidence and proposed a counterhypothesis called (10)
7. _____ is a coherent explanation for one or several related natural phenomena supported by a large body of objective evidence. E.g. Newton’s law of universal gravitation. Formulated through scientific method. (6)
8. There have been _____ mass extinctions (4)
9. The Earth is 4.6 ______ yrs old (7)

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