Social Psychology 1

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What is the definition of social psychology?
The scientific study of how the Affect, Behaviour and Cognition of individuals are affected by the actual, imagined or implied presence of others.
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Can people influence you directly?
Yes
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Can you imagine other peoples judgements and can this influence you?
Yes
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Can the implied presence of someone (for example authority) influence you?
Yes
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How has social psychology been influenced by psychoanalytic theory?
Freud talks about the fact that behaviour is motivated by powerful internal drives and impulses and unresolved psychological conflicts . Modern psychologists look at the motivation and emotions behind behaviours
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What are the three things social psychology has been influenced by?
Psychoanalytic theory, behaviourism, gestalt psychology
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What do motivational theories look at?
The individuals needs and motives, the idea that affects, behaviours and cognition are not accidents but are tied tot he purposeful desires of people
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What is the functional approach to attitude?
That people can be doing the same thing for different motives.
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What is behaviourism?
The idea that thoughts and feelings are unimportant, the only important thing is observable behaviour and previous learning/exposure. Stimulus-response
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How has behaviourism link to modern social psychology?
Automaticity research, you automatically know what to do, people are subliminally aware of what is going on, how you behave in the world automatically. How we come to political views and learn to be obedient.
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What is the idea of Gestalt psychology?
People perceive 'dynamic wholes' not discrete elements.
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How does Gestalt psychology relate to modern psychology?
Social cognition and how we perceive the social world, people fill in the gaps about people
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How are people normally like social psychologists?
Because people actively/regularly try to understand and predict our social world.
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How are people not like social psychologists?
Because we often lack the rigour and impartiality of scientific research.
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What is the issue with relying on 'folk wisdom'?
It is not always correct (opposites attract), often contradicts other bits of 'widsom', often vague and simplistic, relies too heavily on anecdotes and subjectivity.
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What is the hindsight bias?
Our tendency to overestimate our powers of prediction once we know the actual outcome.
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What is Lewin's formula?
B=F(P,E) Behaviour is a function of personality and environment. If you want to know what someone will do you need to know about them and their environment.
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In Lewin's formula B=F(P,E) what is P?
The person in the situation, personality/individual differences as moderator (IV)
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What is the strong situation?
A situation in which your personality does not matter because all people are likely to act in the same way.
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What is the scientific approach in social psychology?
Description (Careful, reliable observation, describe what the thing is), Prediction (forecasting events/behaviour, how do people react), Explanation (understanding why events occur) Control (how can we prevent negative things, encourage positive even
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What is the basic scientific method we use?
Observation>Hypothesis>experiment. If the results support the hypothesis make them public so they can be replicated. If they don't go back and reformulate your question
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How is science supported by others?
Peer-review, public access to methods, sample and data.
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The scientific process is iterative how?
Hypothesis, prediction, experiment (repeat!), you need to seek consistency.
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When can you form a theory?
When research supports a hypothesis constantly it can form the basis of a theory
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What is a theory?
A hypothesis (or group of related hypotheses) that has been confirmed via repeated experimental tests. They are dynamic as they drive questions and are refined as needed.
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Who came up with falsifiability?
Karl Popper
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What is falsibiability?
Scientific research must be capable of proving an assertion false. This doesn't mean it is false, just you must be able to prove it false.
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What is the problem of induction?
When you think what you observe is indicative of the truth, when it might not be as you have not tried to prove it wrong.
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What is an example of a universal statement?
All ducks are white
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Can you validate universal statements?
No, but you can prove them false (not all ***** are white)
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What is Parsimony?
Someone who is cheep..
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What is occams razor?
The idea that if you are trying to come up with a theory, when multiple explanations exist, the simplest full explanation is preferable. The one which requires the fewest assumptions.
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What are the two basic research designs?
Correlation and Experimental
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What is the correlational research design?
An attempt to measure behaviours, thoughts and feelings in their natural state. Find variables which are related to each other. Observations -> relationships.
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What is the experimental research design?
Attempts to manipulate social processes by varying some aspects of situation, while controlling others (Cause -> effect).
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Common correlational methods?
observational (watch + record), Archival (existing info.data), Surveys (questionnaires, interviews)
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What are the key features of experiments?
The independent variable (IV): What's manipulated , The dependent variable (DV): What's measured. Extraneous variable (what's controlled)
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What is a positive correlation?
Value A goes up, Value B goes up. Value A goes down, Value B goes down.
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What is a negative correlation?
Value A goes up, value B goes down. Value A goes down, Value B goes up.
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What is are advantages of correlational research?
You can find variables that preclude intervention, find relationships, cheep, easy, can be descriptive,
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What are the disadvantages of correlational research?
You cannot assume causality,and there could be a third variable which causes it.
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Does no correlation mean there isn't causation?
No
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What is an advantage of experimental research?
Allow for the cause-and-effect Inferences, allow for control of extraneous variables.
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What is a disadvantage of experimental research?
It is not amenable to many important variables like gender, culture. These things cannot be manipulate. Artificial situations might not represent social events as they naturally occur. They often rely on convenient samples like uni students. costly.
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Card 4

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Card 5

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How has social psychology been influenced by psychoanalytic theory?

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