Landscapes

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Define landscape?
The visible features that make up the landscape
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Elements of the landscape?
1- Physical 2- Human 3- Variable 4- Biological
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Where in the UK can you find Upland, Lowland and Glaciated areas?
Upland- North + West Lowland- South + east Glaciated- North West
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Difference between natural + built landscape?
Natural- Land that is made naturally and has mountains, rivers etc, Built- man made area
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What are the geology, climate and human activity in lowland like?
Geology- Softer rock, e.g. chalk, clay and some sand stone Climate- Warmer and drier Human- Urban areas and industries
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What are Geology, climate and human activity like in uplands like
Geology- Harder rocks which resist erosion, e.g. Slate, granite Climate- Cooler and wetter Human- Sheep farming and tourism
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What are Geology, climate and human activity like in glaciated areas
Geology- Ice Climate- cold Human- none
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4 types of erosion and how they work
Attrition- particles smash against eachother, Abrasion- particles are bashed, hydraulic action- cracks are expanded, solution- particles are dissolved
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4 types of transportations and how they work
Suspention- particles are lifted, Traction- particles are rolled, Saltation- particles are bounced, Solution- particles are dissolved
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3 types of weathering and how they work
Biological- break down of rocks by living things, Mechanical- break down of rock without changing chemical composition, Chemical- Break down of rocks by changing chemical composition
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2 types of mass movement and how they work
Slides- material shifts in a straight line, Slumps- material shifts with a rotation
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Define deposition
Dropping of material
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Formation of headlands and bays?
Erosion resistance is different
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What are the stages of erosional features found in headlands
Cracks, Cave, Arch, Stack, Stump
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How are beaches formed
Beaches are formed by deposition and constructive waves depositing sand and shingle
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How are spits made
Longshore drift
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How are Waterfalls and Gorges formed
Waterfalls- river flows over an area of hard rock and soft rock, the hard rock is eroded more than the hard rock creating a 'step' over time the step erodes more to form a steep drop, Gorge- as a Waterfall retreats up stream a gorge is left
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What are V-shaped valleys
A river with steep sides and a narrow valley because of vertical erosion which is because of fast flowing water and abrasion
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How are meanders and Ox-bow lakes formed
Meanders- Erosion and deposition, shallow and deep water or either side causing the bends, Ox-bow lakes- Erosion causes the outside bends to get close and the river breaks through and deposition causes it to get cut of completely
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What are the depositional river features and how are they made
Floodplains- Rivers overflow, water slows down and deposits material, Levees- are a natural embankment which are formed when the river floods and deposits material along the edges of the river
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What landforms are found along the river Tees
Waterfall and Yarm meander
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How does Geology impact geomorphic processes along the river tees
Waterfall- The hard rock called whinstone that lies on top of the sandstone, the hard rock takes longer to erode, Yarm meander- Rock types clays, silts, sands and gravels which are erodes and transported easy
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How does climate influence geomorphic processes along the river Tees
Waterfall- High rainfall, making a good supply of water increasing speed of water which causes more erosion, Yarm meander- High rainfall annually, increasing discharge of water in river which causes floods
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How does Human activity influence geomorphic processes along the river Tees
Waterfall- Tourist attraction which increases biological weathering due to footfall, Yarm meander- Erosion defences, reinforcing banks to slow erosion rate which can change its path in the river
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Landforms at Hengistbury head
Mudeford spit, Headland, Saltmarsh
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How does Geology impact geomorphic processes at Hengistbury head
Sands and clays mean that erosion rate is quick however ironstone has a slower rate so it form headlands and bays
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How does climate influence geomorphic processes at Hengistbury head
Warm dry summers and mild wet winters, mild winters mean that there is less FTW because its not cold enough and its location is exposed to prevailing winds and strong waves which means lots of erosion and mass movement
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How does Human activity influence geomorphic processes at Hengistbury head
Groynes- build along spit, slows transportation rate and spit growth, Beach replenishment- along headland, adds sediment contributes to spit, Gabions- built along headland beach to protect from erosion, prevents headland being cut off
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

Elements of the landscape?

Back

1- Physical 2- Human 3- Variable 4- Biological

Card 3

Front

Where in the UK can you find Upland, Lowland and Glaciated areas?

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

Difference between natural + built landscape?

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

What are the geology, climate and human activity in lowland like?

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
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