Geography Rivers

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  • Created by: AbigaillB
  • Created on: 03-04-21 17:16
Title of physical geographical enquiry - Hypothesis
The discharge of the River Tees will increase with distance from the source in the Pennine Hills (Teesdale)
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Discharge Equation (cumecs - cubic meters per second)
= Amount of water/CSA (m2) X Speed (m/sec)
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Explain how the focus of your physical inquiry is linked to geographical theories (Bradshaw model)
The model shows discharge and other factors increase in a uniform way. Discharge is calculated by multiplying CSA by velocity - these are both shown to increase uniformly. My study will test how close to the ideal (seen in Bradshaw’s model) a real River a
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Assess the suitability of the choice of field work location (advantages)
Advantages – this location does allow different stream orders (1 to 4) to be measured in a close location for safety.
easily accessible (on common land).
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Assess the suitability of the choice of field work location (Disadvantages)
Disadvantages - only the upper course of the River Tees drainage basin in the Pennine Hills was measured because further downstream the channel was too deep. The cow green reservoir is just below the study area, a reservoir is not a perfect continuous Riv
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Justify the inclusion of primary data used in your physical inquiry. (How is the data linked to the Ames? Why is the channel width and depth data appropriate? Why can they be used to explain changes within the River channel?)
Primary data includes depths across the channel (we can work out on average). We then multiply this by the width of the channel, giving us the cross-sectional area. We then found out the velocity, multiplied this by the CSA giving us the discharge.
As mo
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Justify the use of 1 sampling strategy used in your physical enquiry.
Because of both safety issues with unstable River cliffs and difficulty in getting some parts of the River, we use stratified sampling.
This is where we choose the safest and best location on the day ensuring we have every stream order covered. Sometimes
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Justify the use of 1 primary data collection method used in your physical inquiry.
To measure the velocity, we used a biodegradable dog biscuit, which floated along the stream. We then set up two range poles 10 metres apart, showing when to stop and start the timer. At 5 metres from the first range pole, we measured the CSA. We then too
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How was the method improved?
This method was improved by using a hydro vane which gave a reading every 15 seconds.
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Hazard and risk, who may be involved, level of risk, precaution used to minimise and why they are used.
- Weill's disease, everyone, low risk and good sanitation.
- Drowning, everyone, low risk, check depth with range poles.
- Exposure, everyone, moderate risk, waterproofs stay dry and good boots.
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Assess how effective your presentation techniques were in representing the data collected in this inquiry: (1)
I used a scatter graph plotting distance from the source in kilometres against discharge. We worked out distance from the source using an OS map, Google Maps and a ***** of paper. We then plotted points depending on stream order in using different shapes
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Assess how effective your presentation techniques were in representing the data collected in this inquiry: (2)
From the graph I can see trends, test hypothesis and spot anomalies. This was clearer than putting bars on a map. I could spot patterns correlations and anomalies.
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Describe what your results show:
Our results show strong positive correlation as our scatter graph shows changes in discharge with distance from the source is plotted with the line of best fit, going through most points.
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Analyse what your results show (use statistical techniques to provide precise information.
Our results show that discharge increases with distance from the source. The mean of our results is 6.31 cue mix. The trend of the graph is a positive correlation increasing steadily, shown by a line of best fit. I could test the relationship using spearm
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Explain what your results show.
Our results show that as distance from the source of the River Tees increases (more stream orders), so does discharge. As stream order increased the discharge increase 0.2 cumecs at 1st order to 15 cumecs at 4th order over a 2.5km distance.
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Can you explain any links between data sets?
The discharge increased with distance from the source and we found that stoned roundness data for stones less than 50 millimetres showed change as well by becoming smaller and rounded (due to attrition). Larger stones remained unchanged.
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Can you identify any anomalies in your results? Can you suggest reasons for this? How could anomalies impact upon the reliability of conclusions?
Yes the points are not in a straight line and somewhere located away from the line of best fit. It could be due to issues measuring the velocity with dog biscuits. It could also be the depth due to the bigger rocks. It could be due to geology at the locat
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What can you conclude from your results?
Discharge range for about 1 cumec in the 1st order to 6 cumec for the third order an up to 15 cumec for the 4th order. This reflects the Bradshaw model though reality is not so simple as Bradshaw’s model suggests. Vegetation, geology and pupil ability bot
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Identify problems of data collection methods and limitations.
The key issue is cross sectional area is affected by the rocks - if this figure is wrong then so is the discharge figure. Stratified sampling may lead to possible key locations being left out.
Small sample sizes in 3rd and 4th order streams. Weather can
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To what extent were your results of this inquiry helpful in reaching reliable conclusions? (1)
The scatter graph of discharge against distance did show change between different stream orders, or positive correlation was good, but not a uniform in exchange as bradshaw's model suggested.
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To what extent were your results of this inquiry helpful in reaching reliable conclusions? (2)
Channel average depth, stream width all increased like Bradshaw suggested. But again, even with systematic sampling, the overall change was not uniform. The rocks and stones on the riverbed caused this. Velocity was hit and miss an unreliable with the flo
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With reference to your methods results and conclusions suggest how your physical geography inquiry could be improved. (1)
The cross-sectional area of the channel was not at bank full so the River could be flowing slower. It was raining heavily in showers. This caused the amount of water coming off the Moors from the source to be slower - the flow could vary between showers a
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With reference to your methods results and conclusions suggest how your physical geography inquiry could be improved. (2)
Ideally this is best done a couple of days after heavy rain when the soil sponge slowly releases (throughflow) water into the streams in the upper course.
Velocity readings were more accurate with the hydrovane measuring every 15 seconds - what cat was n
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

= Amount of water/CSA (m2) X Speed (m/sec)

Back

Discharge Equation (cumecs - cubic meters per second)

Card 3

Front

The model shows discharge and other factors increase in a uniform way. Discharge is calculated by multiplying CSA by velocity - these are both shown to increase uniformly. My study will test how close to the ideal (seen in Bradshaw’s model) a real River a

Back

Preview of the back of card 3

Card 4

Front

Advantages – this location does allow different stream orders (1 to 4) to be measured in a close location for safety.
easily accessible (on common land).

Back

Preview of the back of card 4

Card 5

Front

Disadvantages - only the upper course of the River Tees drainage basin in the Pennine Hills was measured because further downstream the channel was too deep. The cow green reservoir is just below the study area, a reservoir is not a perfect continuous Riv

Back

Preview of the back of card 5
View more cards

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