Erosion is the wearing away and transportation of rock from water/wind/ice
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What is weathering?
The Breaking up of rocks by weather/plants/animals/chemicals
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Name four types of erosion (water, rock(2), chemicals)
Hydraulic action, corrosion, abrasion, attrition
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What is Hydraulic action? (action= power)
The power of moving water force against banks so they clasp and wash away
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What is abrasion? (b for bash)
Rock fragments carried by river, bash into bed/banks and erode it.
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What is attrition? (double t = two...)
Pebbles/rocks bash into each other, eroding them.
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What is corrosion? (c for chemical/calcium. r for reaction)
Chemical reaction occurs with acidic water, dissolving calcium, breaking down limestone rock.
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What is deposition? (POSITION)
The transportation of rock through erosion.
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What are four ways rocks are deposited? (big rocks, small rocks, particles, dissolved)
Traction, salutation, suspension, solution
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What is traction? (attraction - big)
Larger rocks slowly roll along riverbed from water force (mostly occurs in upper reaches of river)
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What is saltation? (salt = small)
When smaller rocks are lifted and dropped (bounce) along riverbed (upper & middle section of river)
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What is suspension? (sp = small particles)
Smaller particles carried by water, without riverbed contact (increases closer to mouth of river)
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What is solution? (literally solution...)
Dissolved material carried by water (mostly in middle/lower reaches of river)
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What is a drainage basin?
Land that's drained by a river and it's tributaries
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Describe tributaries
small, narrow streams that join the river and give it more energy.
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Where does a river start/end?
starts; source Ends; mouth (meets sea)
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Describe how/where a river starts
source: area of high land. starts as tributaries that come down to join the river, then the river will form a confluence
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Describe confluence.
Confluence is formed formed when 2 rivers meet. It's larger and has more energy so runs faster. It meanders through the land until it meets the mouth of river (where it meets the sea)
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How is a waterfall formed?
As water erodes down land into softer rock (below the harder rock at the top) from hydrolic action, the water digs down the land vertically, a water full is formed.
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From that, how is a gorge formed?
The water keeps eroding the soft rock below, creating a plunge pool while the harder rock overhangs and eventually falls down, causing abrasion. As this process repeats, the waterfall moves back, creating a gorge.
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What is the Hydrological cycle? Describe the process (start from sun)
Water cycle. Sun evaporates liquid sea to gas. Cold temps condense gas back to liquid (clouds). Clouds gains too much mass so liquid drops as precipitation (some on mountains, moving down into river, back into the sea). Vegetation intercepts process.
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What processes are involves?
Evaporation, condensation, Precipitation, infiltration (water absorbed into soil), percolation (water moves down into bedrock)
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What forms of flow are involves?
Ground flow (water moves underground, in bedrock), overland flow (water runs downwards on land to sea), through flow (water runs horizontally through soil, by infiltrating into soil))
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What's the difference between a Tributary, Distributary, and a confluence? (they all join/leaves river)
Confluence is a river that runs into a river. A tributary is a small channel that joins the main channel. A distributary is when a small channel goes out of the main channel.
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Other cards in this set
Card 2
Front
What is weathering?
Back
The Breaking up of rocks by weather/plants/animals/chemicals
Card 3
Front
Name four types of erosion (water, rock(2), chemicals)
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