Geography - Hydrology 4.5 / 5 based on 3 ratings ? GeographyRivers and fluvial processesA2/A-levelCIE Created by: issyst3v3nson_Created on: 06-02-18 11:37 Laminar Flow Horizontal movement of water parallel to the river bed (rare) 1 of 47 Turbulent Flow A series of eddies both vertical and horizontal in a downstream direction (most common) 2 of 47 Helicoidal Flow As water swirls against the beds and banks which weakens them (hydraulic action) 3 of 47 Suspension Fine particles are carried along within the water (low discharge) 4 of 47 Saltation Sand and small stones are bounced along the river bed (medium discharge) 5 of 47 Traction Boulders and pebbles are rolled along the river bed (high discharge) 6 of 47 Solution Minerals dissolved in water (low discharge) 7 of 47 Capacity of a stream Largest amount of debris that a stream can carry 8 of 47 Competence Diameter of the largest particle that can be carried 9 of 47 Critical erosion velocity Lowest velocity at which grains of a given size can move 10 of 47 3 Key Channel Types 1) Meandering 2) Straight 3) Braided 11 of 47 Sinuosity Amount of bend in a river 12 of 47 Hydraulic Radius Definition Proportion of water in a channel that is in contact with bed and 13 of 47 Hydraulic Radius Equation cross sectional area/Wetted perimeter 14 of 47 Dynamic Equillibrium Constantly adjusting balance 15 of 47 Channel depth The average depth of the river bed to water level 16 of 47 Channel width The distance from one river bank to the other, across the river channel 17 of 47 Wetted perimeter Area of the channel that is in contact with the water 18 of 47 Gradient Angle of the slope which the river runs 19 of 47 Velocity Distance travelled/time taken 20 of 47 Cross sectional area Width x mean depth 21 of 47 Discharge definition Volume of water that passes through a river at a given point 22 of 47 Discharge equation Area x velocity 23 of 47 Peak flow Maximum river discharge at a given point 24 of 47 Basin lag time Time difference between the peak of the rain and the peak flow of river 25 of 47 Storm flow Overland flow + Throughflow 26 of 47 Base flow Water table 27 of 47 Morphology Shape of the ground 28 of 47 Drainage density Total length of streams in basin/area of the basin 29 of 47 Aquifer Water bearing rock 30 of 47 Aquiclude Rock that cannot hold water 31 of 47 Channel storage Amount of water stored in river and streams 32 of 47 Overland flow Water flowing over the grounds surface reaches the channel quickly 33 of 47 Hortonian flow Soil is not saturated but water cannot infiltrate because it is impermeable or rainfall too intense 34 of 47 Saturated overland flow Soil is saturated, so too much water to infiltrate in soil 35 of 47 Porosity Capacity of a rock to hold water in its pores 36 of 47 Peremeability Ability to transmit water through joints and cracks 37 of 47 Infiltration Process of water soaking into soil 38 of 47 Capillary action on infiltration Suction effect of soil on water, pulls it down into ground 39 of 47 Gravity on infiltration Weight draws water down 40 of 47 Throughflow Water moving through soil parallel to the surface of the soil 41 of 47 Percolation Removes water by soil draining it more deeply into vadose zone 42 of 47 Vadose zone Area between the soil water and ground water 43 of 47 Subliamation Solid into gas 44 of 47 Transpiration Water is used by plants transporting nutrients to them 45 of 47 Interception Water retained by the plant and later evaporated away or absorbed 46 of 47 Throughfall Water falls through gaps in the vegetation or drops from leaves 47 of 47
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