The Hydrological Cycle 0.0 / 5 ? GeographyRivers and fluvial processesA2/A-levelCIE Created by: Max OscarCreated on: 21-01-22 12:26 Evaporation Process by which water changes from liquid into a gas/vapour 1 of 31 Interception Rainwater that's captured by vegetation before reaching the ground 2 of 31 Soil water Water that's stored in the soil above the water table 3 of 31 Surface water Water that collects on Earth's surface (e.g. in lakes) 4 of 31 Channel storage Water that's held in a river or stream channel 5 of 31 Stem-flow Intercepted precipitation that runs down the stems and trunks of vegetation 6 of 31 Overland flow Precipitation that cannot be absorbed by the soil that moves across the surface of the ground 7 of 31 Evapotranspiration The sum of evaporation + transpiration 8 of 31 River discharge The amount of water flowing through a section of a river at a given time 9 of 31 Groundwater Water that's stored below the water table in pore spaces between soil particles and fractures in rocks 10 of 31 Throughfall Movement of precipitation through the branches and leaves of trees/vegetation to the ground 11 of 31 Infiltration Process of water moving from ground surface vertically downwards into the soil 12 of 31 Recharge Water that has percolated through the soil to the water table, to refill the zone of saturation 13 of 31 Water table The level below which the ground is permanently saturated with water 14 of 31 Groundwater flow Horizontal movement of water through the bedrock 15 of 31 Through-flow Movement of water horizontally beneath the ground surface in the soil 16 of 31 Percolation Vertical movement of water through the soil towards the ground water zone 17 of 31 Baseflow The proportion of streamflow that comes from subsurface flow 18 of 31 Channel flow The downhill movement of water in rivers 19 of 31 Which ones are Outputs? Evaporation, Evapotranspiration, River discharge 20 of 31 Which ones are Stores? Interception, Soil Water, Surface water, Ground water, Channel storage 21 of 31 Which ones are Above Ground Flows? Throughfall, Stemflow, Overland flow, Channel flow 22 of 31 Which ones are Below Ground Flows? Infiltration, Percolation, Throughflow, Groundwater, Baseflow 23 of 31 Which ones are Underground water? Water table, Ground water, Recharge, Springs 24 of 31 What is the Hydrological Cycle? Is the continuous movement of water on the Earth between the Atmosphere (air), Lithosphere (rocks) & Biosphere (plants + animals) 25 of 31 What is the Lithosphere? The outer layer of the Earth: crust & upper mantle 26 of 31 What is the Biosphere? The surface of the Earth, occupied by living organisms 27 of 31 What is the Atmosphere? The layer of gases surrounding the Earth 28 of 31 Is the Hydrological cycle a closed or open system? Closed system as there is a fixed amount of water in the system (water does not enter or leave the Earth's atmosphere) 29 of 31 Open system Transfer of BOTH energy and matter in or out of a system 30 of 31 Closed system Transfer of energy in or out of a system but NO transfer of matter in or out of a system e.g. the Global Hydrological Cycle 31 of 31
Enquiry Question 2: What factors influence the hydrological system over short and long term timescales? 0.0 / 5
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