geography

Volcano

¾ on pacific ring of fire ( 450), eyjafjallajokull 2010 - ash fallout caused 20 countries to stop flights - ash gets into jet stream can be transported very far distances from source

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Barrier

Great barrier- largest - 2600 km east australia -economic contribution of $6.4 billion a year, and economic, social and icon asset of $56 billion

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Tsunami not caused by Earthquake

Peruvian ice cap broke of into sea in 2010 - 500 by 200 meters in peruvian andes- 23 meter high tsunami to towns

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Tombolos

Chesil beach dorset- isle of portland to mainland - 18 miles with lagoons formed behind

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Atolls

over 300 in indian and pacific oceans- only flank islands ( volcanic)

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Volcanic gases-

Lake Nyos, Cameroon- deep lake crater. August 1986- gas escapes and swept into villages- 25km- 50 metre thick cloud - 1700 died and 3000 cattle- deprived of o2

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Mudflows

Campania, Italy 1998 - 300 died. Year of rainfall fallen in two weeks. Mountainous and volcanic area- etna and vesuvius

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Landslides-

Puerto rico - 70-80 mountainous- heavy rain may- october tropical storm season . 1985 storm Isabel. Majority of landslides in Upland areas- steepest and rock falls and debris flows - killed 129 people and 100 homes

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Venezuela mudslides-

1999 biggest disaster of country in 200 years- 40-50 % above average rainfall- killed 30000 people when 2000 metres of mt Avila collapsed

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Bilateral aid-

3 gorges dam- france and Canada and others- $1.4 billion- generated 84.7 billion kwh Green revolution - reduced famine and and USA developed golden rice crop - GM- philippines use- solve problem of vitamin A deficiency - killed 670,000 kids below 5 p

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Barrier beaches

eastern Seaboard- 300 islands along East coast

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Lahars-

Nevado del Ruiz, colombia- covered in 30 metres of ice cap area of 20km2. 1985- activity- hot pyroclastic material chucked up - melt ice which mixed with steam and pyroclastic flow- lahar that destroyed village of chinchina - killed 1800 people

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Location advantage

France tourism - 82 million per year - 42 billion euros

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Hurricane Irma

winds up to 185 km/hr - 36 hrs long - longest ever recorded- category 5 - death toll of 107 people- 90 % of barbudas building damaged - evacuation of 6.5 million people- global warming made it worse - rising sea levels, more rainfall

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Changes in Global Market

Receive more FDI- BRICS got 42% ( 30% to China alone) G7 got 17% ( uk, france, italy, canada, germany, USA, Japan)

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Tornado alley-

texas, kansas ( wizard of oz!!) and oklahoma!- 1000 tornadoes a year Indiana tornadoes - in tornado alley- get intense tornadoes - mainly may- june

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Avalanches

European 1999- 75 people killed in Alps- precaution had been taken - avalanche walls to stop Taconnaz glacier getting onto motorway. However montroc not protected

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China cancer villages-

Southern eastern areas- highest population density - power plants- ½ surface water undrinkable Xiditou- 30 times higher chance of lung cancer Aluminium factors- fluoride run off into yangtze tributaries - used for irrigation 30000 kids dies from wat

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Fair trade

Kuapa Kokoo- GHANA - 45000 cocoa farmers Shared ownership in divine- control over running and get money from profits

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NGO AID-

Malawi- phala- good food project - feeding projects in schools- 7000 kids a day Micro Hydro power- falling water into turbines to drive generators- 500 kw of power- local communities Funds military- ETHIOPIA- bait for malicia Columbia- huge influx o

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WTO

flooded with cheap imports- coconut price dropped 80% and coffee dropped 60%

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CARRYING CAPACITY

Galapagos islands- reached and exceeded- pop doubles every 11 years, cruise ships rise, illegal fishing of shark and sea cucumber- all time high, hotel opened 2006 VISITOR NUMBERS- 160000

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NIGER DELTA

1.5 million tonnes of oil spilt in 50 years - top 5 polluted areas Social impact - effects 20 million people- destroy fish and crops Natural gas is burnt ( flared) ( to get rid of gas releases from drilling for oil) - 70 million m3 a day- no pipel

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Water-

⅔ of the world will be affected by water shortage- 2025- aquifers are being drained faster than replenished - yemen and jordan 30% more- africa- 206 million live in water stressed/scares areas 60% worlds pop- area of 25% precipitation Arid regions-

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BP oil spill- gulf of Mexico 2010

Release of 40,000 barrels of oil a day 4.9 million tonnes barrel total 2.2 million barrels still there Affected communities on coast- dependent on tourism and fishing and drilling

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Chernobyl disaster

Ukraine 1986 1 of 4 reactors exploded 100,000km2 of land contaminated + 4 km of pine forest

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CANADA/ Venezuela OIL SANDS-

Oil sand deposits- bitumen and sand- idea that it is a large energy source for the future - potential of 200 billion barrels of oil Provide employment to 22000 workers- produce 1.3 million barrels a day-

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Solutions to pollution-

Montreal protocol- banning of CFCs- cause a 4% decline a decade to ozone layer- one part of global warming- others is trapping of heat, sea acidification and smog

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Urban environments-

Delhi - 2014 most polluted city 7.2 million vehicles - public transport investment- metro line of 190km

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Rural environments-

Amazon - size of belgium cut down every year - 80% illegal ⅓ world land - affected by salinization and erosion Cattle - 1.5 billion - 1/3rd of agriculture land- another ⅓ - their feed More people more cows- more cows- more manure- more pollution

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geography

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Other cards in this set

Card 2

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Card 3

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Card 4

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Card 5

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