Biology - Genes

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Chromosomes
Composed of DNA and protein; consists of a series of genes.
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Genes
part of a chromosome that controls the development of a characteristic individually or in combination with other, associated genes
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DNA
deoxyribonucleic acid, subtance from which chromosomes are made
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Double Helix
the spiral arrangement of the two complementary strands of DNA
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Bases
Special chemicals that protude from each strand pf the DNA molecules
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Adenine (A)
one of the four bases which pairs with T
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Cytosine (C)
one of the four bases which pairs with G
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Guanine (G)
one of the four bases which pairs with C
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Thymine (T)
one of the four bases which pairs with A
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Genome
all the genetic material of an organism
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Gene Therapy
the insertion of genes into a pateient's cells and tissues to treat a disorder or disease
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Fertilisation
the joining together of an egg with a sperm during sexual reproduction
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Gametes
sex cells (sperm and ova/eggs)
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Sperm
the male gamete (sex cell)
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Egg
the female gamete (egg cell)
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Asexual reproduction
a form of reproduction that does not involve gametes or fertilisation
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Clones
an individual that is genetically identical to its parent
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Designer Babies
The selection of healthy embryos before fertilisation
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Genetic Causes
variation due to the genes, inherited by an individual
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Enviromental Causes
variation due to the condtions in which an individual has developed
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Alleles
an alternative form of a gene
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Dominant Allele
the stronger allele in a pair
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Recessive Allele
the weaker allele of a pair
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Inherited/Genetic diseases
Caused by 'faulty' alleles which can come from one or both parents
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Homozygous
the same alleles in a genetic pair
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Heterozygous
different alleles in a genetic pair
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Monohybrid inheritance
when a characteristic is determined by just one pair of alleles then simple genetic crosses can be performed to investigate the mechanism of inheritance
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Antibodies
Proteins that neutralise antigens. They are made by white blood cells
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Cancer
a disease which casues cells to divide uncontrollably to form tumors
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Carrier
an individual who carries a 'faulty' allele, but doesn't suffer from the condition caused by it
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Cell
basic unit of life
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Diploid
a cell that contains two copies (pairs) of each chromosome
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Enviroment
the area in which an organism lives or exists
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Forensic
using science to solve crimes, e.g. genetic fingerprinting
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Genotype
an individual's genetic identity
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Human Genome Project (HGP)
an international project which set out to establish the sequence of all the bases in the genes of all 23 pairs of human chromosomes
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Nucleus
the part of a cell which is surrounded by a membrane and contains the chromosomes
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Sexual Reproduction
a form of reproduction that involves the fusion of an egg with a sperm during fertilisation
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Transplant
the transfer of an organ from one person to another
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

part of a chromosome that controls the development of a characteristic individually or in combination with other, associated genes

Back

Genes

Card 3

Front

deoxyribonucleic acid, subtance from which chromosomes are made

Back

Preview of the back of card 3

Card 4

Front

the spiral arrangement of the two complementary strands of DNA

Back

Preview of the back of card 4

Card 5

Front

Special chemicals that protude from each strand pf the DNA molecules

Back

Preview of the back of card 5
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