Gas exchange in fish

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  • Created by: sophiee96
  • Created on: 10-03-13 12:46
What are three problems of gaseous exchange in water?
it contains less oxygen than air, it is more dense and doesn't flow as freely
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Why do fish need a good supply of oxygen?
Because they are very active
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Where does gaseous exchange take place on the fish?
Across the gills
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What does the specialised pumping mechanism do?
Keeps the one-way current of water flowing across the gills
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What keeps the gills from collapsing and laying on top of each other?
The density of the water
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What are the benefits of gills having many folds?
Offers a large surface area
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What are the two main groups of fish?
Cartilaginous fish and bony fish
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What type of fish is a shark?
Cartilaginous
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What is the different between cartilaginous fish and bony fish?
The material that makes up their skeleton
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What is the skeleton of cartilaginous fish make of?
Cartilage
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Where do nearly all cartilaginous fish live?
In the sea
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What type of flow takes place in cartilaginous fish?
Parallel flow
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What is the internal skeleton of bony fish made of?
Bone
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What is the flap that covers the gills called in bony fish?
Operculum
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What water do bony fish inhabit?
Both fresh and sea water
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What type of flow takes place in bony fish?
Counter-current flow
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What is counter-current flow?
Where blood in the gill capillaries flows in the opposite direction to water flowing over the gill surface
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What is parallel flow?
where blood tracels through the gill capillaries in the same direction as the sea water
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What three things do gills provide?
A specialised area rather than using the whole body surface, a large surface extended by the gill filaments and an extensive network of blood capillaries
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What does an extensive network of blood capillaries allow?
Efficient diffusion and haemoglobin for oxygen carriage
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What does the operculum do?
Acts as a valve and s a pump drawing water past the gill filaments
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Along each gill arch on bony fish there are many thin plates called what?
Lamella
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What are on the lamella?
The gill plates
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A lower pressure is maintained in the opercular cavity than where?
In the bucco-pharynx
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What does the mouth act as in bony fish?
A pump
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Water is forced over the gill fillaments how?
Mouth opens, operculum closes, floor of the mouth is lowered, volume inside the mouth cavity increases, pressure inside the cavity decreases, water flows in as the external pressure is higher than the pressure inside the mouth
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What does the mouth do to force water out over the gill filaments?
Closes
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What does the operculum do to force water out over the gill filaments?
Opens
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What does the floor of the mouth do to force water out over the gill filaments?
Rises
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In counter-current flow, the orientation of the gas exchange surfaces is so the water passes from the what to the what?
From the pharynx to the opercular chamber
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Why is gaseous exchange more efficient in counter-current flow?
Because the diffusion gradient between the adjacent flows is maintained over the whole length of the gill filament - blood always meets water with relatively higher oxygen content
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What percentage of oxygen is removed from water in bony fish?
80%
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

Why do fish need a good supply of oxygen?

Back

Because they are very active

Card 3

Front

Where does gaseous exchange take place on the fish?

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

What does the specialised pumping mechanism do?

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

What keeps the gills from collapsing and laying on top of each other?

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
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