Why did Durkheim believe education formed social solidarity?
School acts as a mini society by helping kids to interact and learn norms and values. This helps avoid anomie as kids take the rule they learnt to adulthood.
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Why did Durkheim suggest it was important for kids to be taught specialist skills?
By being taught specialist skills individuals could join a highly complex division of labour
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What are some criticisms of Durkheim?
Marxists argue education teaches children rules of bourgeoisie rather than society as a whole. Willis and Hargreaves studies show some pupils openly reject values and form anti-school subcultures.
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Parsons (1961)
Secondary socialisation, universalistic values and meritocracy.
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How do statuses differ between family and education according to Parsons?
In the family children have an ascribed status, whereas in education children's statuses are achieved as they are all judged equally. this acts as secondary socialisation.
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How does Parsons believe equality is shown in schools?
Exam system judges all pupils on merit and school uniforms are applied to all students equally.
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Which two universalistic values does Parsons believe school transmits?
1. value of achievement - everyone achieves their own status through effort. 2. value of equal opportunity - for every student to achieve their full potential.
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Criticisms of Parsons
Dennis Wrong - 'over socialised view' and wrongly implies that students don't reject values. Assumes education systems are meritocratic and don't rely on external factors (e.g. class/gender/ethnicity)
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Davis and Moore (1945)
Role allocation
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Why do Davis and Moore believe the education system allocates roles to students?
Education shifts and sorts students by exams and grades and allocates them jobs based on ability. Lower grades = lower skilled jobs. Role allocation ensures a more efficient economy.
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Criticisms of Davis and Moore
External factors impact educational achievement, not just intelligence and ability. Bowles and Gintis found m/c kids got good jobs, so range of class difference shows not everyone has an equal chance in education.
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What do both functionalists and the New Right believe?
1. Some are naturally more talented than others. 2. education should be run on meritocratic principles. 3. education should socialise students into shared values and provide national identity.
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Other cards in this set
Card 2
Front
Why did Durkheim believe education formed social solidarity?
Back
School acts as a mini society by helping kids to interact and learn norms and values. This helps avoid anomie as kids take the rule they learnt to adulthood.
Card 3
Front
Why did Durkheim suggest it was important for kids to be taught specialist skills?
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