Fractional distillation separates liquids with similar melting points.
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What do you do to the mixture?
Pour mixture into flask. Stick fractionating column at the top.
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What evaporates first?
The liquid with the LOWEST boiling point. As soon as the temperature on the thermometer equals the boiling point of liquid, the liquid will reach the top of the column.
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What happend to the liquids with higher boiling points?
They MIGHT ALSO evaporate. But the column is COOLER at the top so they will only partly ascend up the column.
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What do you do when the first liquid has been collected?
Raise the temperature until next solution reaches the top.
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