An attempt to apply statistical procedures and psychological theory to evidence in the crime scene, in order to establish patterns of behaviour
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What is the basic method of the bottom up approach?
Profilers work up from evidence collected from the crime scene to develop hypotheses about the likely characteristics, motivations and social background of the offender
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What is the first of the four key ideas in the bottom-up approach?
Interpersonal coherence
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What is the second of the four key ideas in the bottom-up approach?
Time and place
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What is the third of the four key ideas in the bottom-up approach?
Criminal career
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What is the fourth of the four key ideas in the bottom-up approach?
Forensic awareness
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What is interpersonal coherence?
The idea that the way the offender behaves at the scene, is the same way they act in everyday situations
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What does time and place show?
Where the offender lives and works, and at what times they work
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What is the idea of a criminal career?
The idea that crimes tend to be committed in a similar fashion by offenders and can allow psychologists to predict patterns
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What is forensic awareness?
The idea that offenders who show an understanding of police investigation are likely to have had previous encounters with the police
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What is geographical profiling?
The analysis of crime locations in a linked crime series to predict the most probable base or residence of an offender
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What is the first of four key assumptions of geographical profiling?
Locatedness
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What is the second of four key assumptions of geographical profiling?
Systematic crime location choice
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What is the third of four key assumptions of geographical profiling?
Centrality
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What is the fourth of four key assumptions of geographical profiling?
Comparative case analysis
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Who devised geographical profiling?
Canter and Youngs
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Who found spatial consistency in 120 studied murder cases? (Supporting evidence for bottom-up approach)
Ludrigan and Canter
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Who found that the bottom-up approach only led to accurate identification in 3% of cases? (Opposing evidence for bottom-up approach)
Copson
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What is the top-down approach?
A pre-established topology used to assign offenders to one of two categories
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What is an organised offender?
An offender who shows evidence of planning, and who is usually socially competent and clever
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What is the first of the four stages in creating an offender profile?
Data assimilation
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What is the second of the four stages in creating an offender profile?
Crime scene classification
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What is the third of the four stages in creating an offender profile?
Crime reconstruction
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What is the fourth of the four stages in creating an offender profile?
Profile generation
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What is data assimilation?
A review of the evidence
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What is crime scene classification?
The matching of the crime scene to an organised or disorganised offender
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What is crime reconstruction?
The determination of the actions and events surrounding a crime
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What is profile generation?
Creation of a hypotheses related to the likely offender
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Who came up with the idea of atavistic form?
Lombroso
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What percentage of criminals who Lombroso studied had atavistic features?
40%
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Other cards in this set
Card 2
Front
What is the basic method of the bottom up approach?
Back
Profilers work up from evidence collected from the crime scene to develop hypotheses about the likely characteristics, motivations and social background of the offender
Card 3
Front
What is the first of the four key ideas in the bottom-up approach?
Back
Card 4
Front
What is the second of the four key ideas in the bottom-up approach?
Back
Card 5
Front
What is the third of the four key ideas in the bottom-up approach?
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