Forces
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- Created on: 22-09-18 09:00
What is a vector quantity?
They have magnitude and a direction
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Give three examples of a vector quantity?
force, velocity, acceleration
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What is a scalar quantity?
They have a magnitude but no direction
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Give three examples of a scalar quantity?
speed, time, distance
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What is gravitational force?
the force of attraction between masses.
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What is the equation for weight?
Weight (N) = Mass (kg) x Gravitational Field Strength (N/kg)
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what is the resultant force?
The overall force on a point or object
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What do free body diagrams show?
All of the forces acting on an object
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What happens if a resultant force move an object?
work is done
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what is the equation for work done?
Work done = force x distance
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How do you find out resultant force with a drawing?
Scale drawings
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What does it mean for an object to be in equilibrium?
the forces on it must be balanced
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How do you make it easier to resolve forces?
Split it into components
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what is elastic deformation?
it can go back to its original shape and length after the forced has been removed. eg spring
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what is inelastic deformation?
it doesnt go back to its orignal shape and length after the force has been removed
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What is extension directly proportional to?
force
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what is the equation for force?
Force (N) = spring constant x extension
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what happens when the force is too much
the limit of proportionality is reached and the spring is deformed.
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what is a moment?
The turning effect of a force
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What is the equation for moments?
Moments = force x distance
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what is a lever?
they make it easier for us to do work eg lift a load
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what do gears do
they transmit rotational effects
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How do gears transmit rotational effects?
their teeth interlock so turning one causes another to turn. the larger gear will turn slower than the smaller gear
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what is pressure?
force per unit area
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what is the equation for pressure at the surface of a liquid
Pressure = force / area
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what is the equation for pressure within a liquid
pressure = height x density x gravitational field strength
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what force do objects in fluid experience?
upthrust
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what causes an object to float?
if the weight = the upthrust
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what is the atmoshpere?
A layer of air that surrounds the earth
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what effects atmospheric pressure
height
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equation for speed
distance / time
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what is the typical speed for a person walking
1.5 m/s
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what is the typical speed for a person running
3 m/s
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what is the typical speed for a person cycling
6 m/s
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what is the typical speed for a car
25 m/s
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what is the typical speed for a train
55 m/s
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what is the typical speed for plane
250 m/s
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what can windspeed be affected by
temperature, atmospheric pressure, things in the way eg forest
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what is the equation for acceleration
acceleration = change in velocity / time
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what is the equation for uniform acceleration
final velocity - initial velocity = 2 acceleration x distance
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what is drag
the resistance you get in a fluid. Air resistance is a type of drag
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how do you increase drag
increase speed
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what happens when object fall through fluids
it will reach a terminal velocity and fall at a steady speed
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what does terminal velocity depend on
shape and area
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what is needed to change motion
a force
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what is newtons first law
if the resultant force on a stationary object is zero, the object will remain stationary. If the resultant force on a moving object is zero, it'll just carry on moving at the same velocity
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equation for the resultant force
resultant force = mass x acceleration
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what is newtons second law
the acceleration is affected by the force on the object and the mass of the object
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what is newtons third law
when two objects interact the forces they exert on each other are equal and opposite
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what is inertia
Object have the tendency to remain un changed. object will continue to move until a force acts upon it
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what is the total stopping distance
thinking distance + braking distance
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what factors affect thinking distance
your speed and reaction time
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What factors affect reaction time
tiredness, drugs and alcohol
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what factors affect braking distance?
speed, weather, condition of tyre and quality of break
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how can you measure reaction times
the ruler drop test.
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equation for momentum
mass x velocity
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what is the conservation of momentum
in a closed system, the total momentum before an event is equal to after
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what can cause a change in momentum
forces
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Equation for force and momentum
ki
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What safety features do cars have to reduce the change in momentum
crumple zones, increasing the time taken to stop,seat belts and air bag
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Other cards in this set
Card 2
Front
Give three examples of a vector quantity?
Back
force, velocity, acceleration
Card 3
Front
What is a scalar quantity?
Back
Card 4
Front
Give three examples of a scalar quantity?
Back
Card 5
Front
What is gravitational force?
Back
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