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6. Why is phenol more reactive than a benzene?

  • Lone pair from O is delocalised into the ring, so higher electron density, so electrophile are more attracted.
  • Lone pair from C is delocalised into the ring, so lower electron density, so electrophile are more attracted.
  • Lone pairs from O is localised into the ring, so higher electron density, so electrophile are more attacked.

7. Phenol converted to sodium phenoxide C6H5O-Na+ choose a correct balanced equation for this reaction?

  • C6H5OH + NaOH → C6H5O–Na+ + H2O
  • C6H5OH + NaO → C6H5O+Na- + H2
  • C6H5OH + NaOH → C6H4O–Na+ + O

8. How the benzene ring in the phenoxide ion is activated?

  • lone/electron pair from O is delocalised into ring so increases π-electron density so attracted electrophiles more
  • lone/electron pair from O is delocalised into ring so lowers π-electron density so attracted electrophiles less
  • lone/electron pair from O is delocalised into ring so lowers π-electron density so attracted nucleophiles more

9. Why is NO2 + is described as an electrophile?

  • It donated a pair of electrons from the benzene
  • It accepts a pair of electrons from the benzene
  • It accepts a lone pair of electrons from the benzene

10. Name four types of commercially material whose manufacture involves the nitration of benzene?

  • Fibres, Dyes, Fertilsers, Nylon
  • Fibres, Dyes, Explosives, Pharamaceuticals
  • Fibres, Nylon, Polymers, Terylene