fisher and geiselman claim that EWT could be improved if the police use techniques based on psychological insights into how memory works. they call it the cognitive interview.
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report everything
witnesses are encouraged to include every detail of an event, even if it seems irrelevant or the witness is not confident about it. seemingly trivial details could be important and may trigger other memories.
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reinstate the context
the witness returns to the original crime scene in their mind and imagines the environment and their emotions. this is based on the concept of context dependent forgetting. cues from the context may trigger recall.
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reverse the order
events are recalled in a different chronological order. this prevents people using their expectations of how the event must have happened rather than the actual events. it also prevents dishonesty
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change perspective
witnesses recall the incident from other people's perspectives. this prevents the influence of expectations and schema on recall. schema are packages of information developed through experiences.
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enhanced cognitive interview
fisher et al developed additional elements of the CI. this includes a focus on the social dynamics of the interaction. the enhanced CI also includes ideas such as reducing eyewitness anxiety.
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strength 1- effectiveness
a meta-analysis by kohnken et al combined data from 50 studies. the enhanced CI consistently provided more correct information than the standard interview used by the police.
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limitation 1- unreliable
studies of the effectiveness of the CI inevitably use slightly different techniques. different researchers may use variations on the CI and police forces evolve their own methods. this means it is difficult to draw conclusions about the CI in general
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Other cards in this set
Card 2
Front
witnesses are encouraged to include every detail of an event, even if it seems irrelevant or the witness is not confident about it. seemingly trivial details could be important and may trigger other memories.
Back
report everything
Card 3
Front
the witness returns to the original crime scene in their mind and imagines the environment and their emotions. this is based on the concept of context dependent forgetting. cues from the context may trigger recall.
Back
Card 4
Front
events are recalled in a different chronological order. this prevents people using their expectations of how the event must have happened rather than the actual events. it also prevents dishonesty
Back
Card 5
Front
witnesses recall the incident from other people's perspectives. this prevents the influence of expectations and schema on recall. schema are packages of information developed through experiences.
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