interference: when two pieces of information are in conflict
forgetting occurs in LTM because we can't get access to memories even though they are available.
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proactive interference: old interferes with new
PI occurs when an older memory disrupts a newer one.
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retroactive interference: new interferes with old
RI happens when a newer memory disrupts an older one.
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interference is worse when memories are similar
this may be because: in PI previously stored information makes new information more difficult to store. in RI new information overwrites previous memories which are similar.
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procedure- part 1.
participants were asked to learn a list of words to 100% accuracy. then they were given a new list to learn. the new material varied in the degree to which it was similar to the old
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procedure- part 2
group 1- synonyms- same meanings, group 2- antonyms- opposite meanings, group 3- unrelated, group 4- nonsense syllables, group 5- three-digit numbers, group 6- no new list.
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findings- part 1
performance depended on the nature of the second list. the most similar material produced the worst recall. when the participants were given very different material.
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findings- part 2
this shows that interference is strongest when the memories are similar. in group 1 it is likely that the words with the same meanings as the original list blocked access or that the new material became confused with the old material.
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strength 1- real life studies have supported the interference explanation
baddeley and hitch asked rugby players to recall the names of teams they had played so far in that season. accurate recall did not depend on how long ago the match took place. more important was the number of games played in the meantime.
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limitation 1- research is the time allowed between learning
time periods between learning lists of words and recalling them are quite short in lab studies. a participant might learn two lists within 20 minutes. research reduces the whole experience of learning into a short time period- reflect how we learn.
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Other cards in this set
Card 2
Front
PI occurs when an older memory disrupts a newer one.
Back
proactive interference: old interferes with new
Card 3
Front
RI happens when a newer memory disrupts an older one.
Back
Card 4
Front
this may be because: in PI previously stored information makes new information more difficult to store. in RI new information overwrites previous memories which are similar.
Back
Card 5
Front
participants were asked to learn a list of words to 100% accuracy. then they were given a new list to learn. the new material varied in the degree to which it was similar to the old
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