Exam Review

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Name the blood vessles that carry blood to the heart?
Coronary Arteries
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What is a monomer?
A small repeating unit that joins together to form polymers
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What is DNA composed of?
Phospahte, deoxirobose and a nitrogenous base
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Name the main biological molecule in: a) Cell membrane b) cell wall in a bacteria cell
a) phospholipids b) murein
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Name the process by which prokaryotic cells divide?
Binary Fission
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What is the proteome of a cell?
Full range of proteins that a cell can make in a given time
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How does translation lead to a production of a polypeptide?
1. mRNA associates with a ribosome 2. Then finds start codon 3.tRNA brings specific amino acid so the anticodon is produced 4. tRNA can then produce complementary base pairings for each nucleotide 5. Moves along 6. Joined by peptide bonds= A.A
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State and explain the property of water that enables it to buffer sudden temp changes
Has a high specific heat capacity due to lots of hydrogen bonds which make it strong
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Explain the movement of oxygen into the gas exchange system of an insect at rest
1. Oxygen is used up in aerobic respiration 2. Concentration gradient is constant 3. So oxygen molecule can diffuse in.
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Describe how a saturated fatty acid differs in molecular structure from an unsaturated fatty acid
Saturated doesn't have any double bonds where as an unsaturated fatty acid does meaning it can't accept as many hydrogens.
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Why does maltase only break down maltose?
The teriary structure and active site is complementary to maltose due to undergoing induced fit. The enzyme acts as a catalyst to form the enzyme substrate complex.
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Why is DNA helicase important in DNA replication?
Breaks the hydrogen bonds to allow strands to separate. Exposing the nucleotides allowing the strand to act as a template so that the complementary base pairings can get paired up
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Explain why the use of exo and endopeptidases is more efficient than just exopeptidases.
Endopeptidases break the bonds in the centre of the protein allowing the exopeptidases to have a larger surface area to work with.
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Why does the addition of a respiratory inhibitor stop the absorbtion of amino acids in the NaK pump?
Sodium ions can't diffuse into cell lining so no conc gradient can be formed. No diffusion can occur to to facilitate the amino acid with it.
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If there is a hole between your left and right ventricle why can't you get enough oxygen to your tissues.
Causes oxygenated and deoxygenated blood to mix together meaning less oxygenated blood leaves the heart to suply the respiring tissues with oxygen.
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Why is the change from HbF to HbA an advantage for a baby?
HbA has a lower affinity for oxygen at low partical pressures meaning it is easier to unload the oxygen for aerobic respiration.
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Explain how the aerobic respiration in cells leads to a change in pH of blood plasma.
Leads to the production of CO2 which forms carbonic acid which lowers pH
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Why is it a disadvantage for a dissociation curve to be too far to the left?
Too difficult to unload oxygen
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Explain why there is a net loss of water from a capillary at the arterial end.
Hydrostatic pressure out is greater and outweighs the water potential gradient in.
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Describe what happens to extra fluid in tissue fluid
Removed by the lymphatic syste returned to the blood nearer the heart
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Tissue fluid accumlates in the tissue of people who do not eat enough protein, why?
Less negative KPa in blood so less water will return to the vessel
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Pieces of leaf tissue examined were very thin. Explain why this is important.
Single/few layers of cells so light can pass through
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Describe how water is moved through a plant according to the cohesion tension theory.
1. water transpires from a leaf 2. Reduces water potential 3. Water is drawn out of xylem 4. creates tension 5. cohesive forces between water molecules 6. water gets pulled up as a column
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Explain why less water is lost through the upper surface of leaves than is lost through the lower surface.
More stomata on the lower surface and has a thicker waxy cuticle on upper surface
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How is a high pressure is produed in the leaves?
Water potential becomes lower, water enters phloem via osmosis. Increased volume of water causes increased pressure.
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How are companion cells adapted for the transport of sugars between cells?
Lots of mitochondria to release energy for active transport
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

What is a monomer?

Back

A small repeating unit that joins together to form polymers

Card 3

Front

What is DNA composed of?

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

Name the main biological molecule in: a) Cell membrane b) cell wall in a bacteria cell

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

Name the process by which prokaryotic cells divide?

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
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