The Gardner's study is supported by Premack, describe their research
Sarah could use 130 "words" e.g Sarah give apple Mary, using coloured shapes for words.
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How does Premack's study support Gardner and Gardner?
Both Sarah and Washoe appeared to be able to use human words to communicate. Like Sarah, Washoe learned lots of signs in later life (250) and was able to create short sentences. (as can Kanzi with the use of a lexigram in a more recent study)
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Which study is stronger, Premack's or Gardner's?
Gardner's- They taught Washoe ASL which is actually used by humans whereas Sarah used coloured shapes to communicate which isn't used by humans, so Premack's is lower in validity
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The Gardner's study is weakened by Terrace (1979), describe Terraces study
Trained his chimp Nim Chimpsky to use ASLand argued that Washoe and Nim were not using human language.
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How does Terrace challenge the Gardner's study?
Close analysis of films of Washoe and Nim, they found out that they were just immitationg the trainers rather than using it and knowing what it means
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Which stud is stronger, Terrace's or the Gardner's?
You could argue that it is not possible to compare the findings of two different chimps such as Washoe and Nim with such wide individual differences
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Noam Chomsky also act as a challenge to the Gardner's study, describe Noam's research
Argued that only humans can use language as they have a LAD. Washoe did not have a LAD they were unable to make correct sentences or use language/grammar "Washoe tickle" meant "tickle Washoe"
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How does Noam challenge the Gardners?
The Gardners claim that Chimps can use language and suggest their conclusions were "wishful thinking"
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Which study is stronger, Noam Chomsky or the Gardners?
Gardners- Higher in validity as they actually carried out their research on a real chimp whereas Chomsky's research was all theoretical.
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Other cards in this set
Card 2
Front
How does Premack's study support Gardner and Gardner?
Back
Both Sarah and Washoe appeared to be able to use human words to communicate. Like Sarah, Washoe learned lots of signs in later life (250) and was able to create short sentences. (as can Kanzi with the use of a lexigram in a more recent study)
Card 3
Front
Which study is stronger, Premack's or Gardner's?
Back
Card 4
Front
The Gardner's study is weakened by Terrace (1979), describe Terraces study
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