Ethics module: soft determinism quiz

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what is soft determinism according to Thomas Hobbes?
the idea that all human choices were determined by causation
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what is an internal cause?
based on the will of a person which is something a moral agent wants to do.
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what is an external cause?
a cause outside of the moral agent that forces them to do something.
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what causes are moral agents determined by according to hard determinism?
determined by both internal and external causes.
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what causes are moral agents determined by according to soft determinism.?
determined by internal causes but free of any external causes
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what was Hobbes's analogy to explain soft determinism?
whilst a river has no choice but to flow down a channel, it has some freedom over where in the channel it flows.
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What was Alfred Ayer's main focus within determinism?
he was able to differentiate between hard and soft determinism by taking into account the language that would be used within the two.
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what did the word forced mean to Ayer?
it is used in explaining hard determinism. it means that the moral agent was made to do something
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what did the word caused mean to Ayer
it is used in soft determinism. it means that the moral agent was lead to do something.
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how did Ayer explain his idea?
if the person was told to walk across the room and they did so, anyone observing would concluded that the person was being forced (hard determinism). if a person was walking across a room through their own will, anyone observing would concluded that they
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Card 2

Front

what is an internal cause?

Back

based on the will of a person which is something a moral agent wants to do.

Card 3

Front

what is an external cause?

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

what causes are moral agents determined by according to hard determinism?

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

what causes are moral agents determined by according to soft determinism.?

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
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