Energy,ATP and Respiration 0.0 / 5 ? BiologyBiological molecules, organic chemistry and biochemistryA2/A-levelCCEA Created by: Football03Created on: 15-02-22 11:23 What is energy? The capacity to do work 1 of 23 Name some of the work involved in a cell? Active transport Secretion Endocytosis Replication of DNA etc... 2 of 23 What is ATP made up of? A base-Adenine A pentose sugar-Ribose 3 Phosphate groups 3 of 23 What occurs during respiration and its purpose? The breakdown of organic molecules (glucose/fatty acids) so that energy is released to synthesise ATP 4 of 23 What occurs during hydrolysis and its purpose? The breakdown of large organic molecules(starch/lipids/proteins) into component molecules(glucose/fatty acids/amino acids) by the addition of water 5 of 23 What does the enzyme ATPase do? It releases energy when ATP is hydrolysed to ADP and an inorganic phosphate (Pi) is formed 6 of 23 What happens when ATP is required? ATP is recycled from ÅDP&Pi by the transfer of energy through the breakdown of respiratory substrates 7 of 23 Name 3 respiratory substrates? Glucose/Fatty acids/amino acids 8 of 23 During respiration, what 2 processes is ATP produced in? Substrate-level phosphorylation & Oxidative phosphorylation 9 of 23 How is ATP produced during substrate-level phosphorylation? ATP is produced by direct transfer of a phosphate group from a phosphorylated substance to ADP 10 of 23 How is ATP produced during oxidative phosphorylation? ATP is produced from ADP & Pi as electrons transferred along the electron chain. 11 of 23 What are the 2 forms of respiration? Anaerobic and Aerobic 12 of 23 What happens with anaerobic respiration? -Doesn't require O2 -Can use glucose only -This is incompletely broken down and only a little ATP is produced 13 of 23 What happens during Aerobic respiration? -Requires O2 and uses respiratory substances that are incompletely broken down -Producing a large amount of ATP 14 of 23 Oxidation? Addition of oxygen or removal of hydrogen/electrons 15 of 23 Reduction? Addition of hydrogen/electrons 16 of 23 Redox reduction? Involves both oxidation and reduction reactions. 17 of 23 What is the molecule that accepts hydrogen said to be? Reduced 18 of 23 What is the molecule that hydrogen is removed said to be? Oxidised 19 of 23 Dehydrogenation? Removal of hydrogen 20 of 23 Decarboxylation? Removal of CO2 21 of 23 Phosphorylation? Addition of phosphate 22 of 23 What are the 4 stages involved in aerobic respiration of glucose? -Glycolysis -Link reaction(pyruvate oxidation) -Krebs cycle -Electron transport chain & oxidative phosphorylation 23 of 23
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