Energy and thermodynamics

Equilibrium thermid

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What is a system?
The region of space and its contents that we are studying.
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Define an 'open' system
Matter and energy is exchanged with its surroundings.
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Define a 'closed' system
Exchange with surroundings is only non-mechanical work/energy
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What is an 'isolated' system?
The system exchanges neither matter nor energy.
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How does an adiabatic system work?
There is no heat exchange. q=0
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Define 'Internal energy' (U)
The sum of the energy that a system possess in all its forms. delta -U = q+w
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Define 'Heat
A form of energy from hot --> cold object
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Define 'Temperature'
Quantification of hotness, gives the direction of heat transfer.
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Define 'work'
When a force moves
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Give the equation for the energy change of a piston (where volume and pressure are changed)
w=-integral(p_ext*dV) = - delta(p_ext*V) --> true for irreversible systems only
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What is a state function?
Values that are independent of how a sample was prepared or the history of the system (it only depends on the current state of the system) e.g T,S,P,V
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What is a path function?
Values depend on the history of the system e.g q,w,U,H,A,G
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Describe a 'Reversible' system
Changes occur when an infinitesimal change to a thermodynamic variable can return the system to its original state. #constant eqm with surroundings
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What is the first law of thermodynamics?
The total energy of the universe remains consatnt.The internal energy is constant unless it's doing work or doing heating.
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Give equations for the first law of thermodynamics
deltaU_surroundings +deltaU_system = 0; deltaU_system = q+w
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Give the ideal gas assumptions
Point like particle;constant +random motion,the volume of molecules is negligible compared to the volume occupied by gas, no forces act on the molecules (exact in elastic collisions,(pV=nRT)
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

Define an 'open' system

Back

Matter and energy is exchanged with its surroundings.

Card 3

Front

Define a 'closed' system

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

What is an 'isolated' system?

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

How does an adiabatic system work?

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
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