A = Activating events B = Beliefs C = Consequences
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Describe activating events
Events that contribute to someone's psychological disturbance. E.g. failing an exam or being criticised.
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What are the beliefs ?
E.g. if you think you are stupid because you failed an exam, or if you think no one loves you as you are criticised, these beliefs will influence your psychological well-being.
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What are the consequences?
What happens if you have these illogical and faulty beliefs. If you think you are stupid because you fail an exam, it will influence the way you think and feel about yourself, however illogical the thoughts are.
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Describe Ellis's global rating
Had a global rating of 'little or no', 'some distinct' or 'considerable' improvement made when each case was closed
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What did this global rating suggest?
Suggests significantly more favourable results with RET than with other treatments.
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How many of the RET cases showed considerable improvement compared to others?
44% of RET cases showed significant improvement compared to 18% for analytically orientated therapy and 13% for analysis.
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Why may RET not be suitable for every person/disorder?
Every patient is individual and may respond to one therapy more than another.
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What is more objective than Ellis's RET?
Meichenbaum's Stress Innoculation Therapy is more objective, because it is more controlled with self-reports and psychometric testing.
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What does Beck's study compare/what is the aim?
To compare the effectiveness of cognitive therapy and drug therapy.
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What methodology was used in Beck's research?
Controlled experiment with participants allocated to 1 of 2 conditions.
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Describe the design used in Beck's research
Independent design with random allocation to cognitive or drug-therapy conditions.
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Who were the participants in Beck's study?
44 patients diagnosed with moderate to severe depression attending psychiatric outpatients' clinics.
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What were the patients assessed with and with what?
Patients assessed with 3 self-reports before treatment using Beck Depression Inventory, Hamilton Rating Scale and Rasking Scale.
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What was the procedure over the 12 weeks?
For 12 weeks, patients had either a 1-hour cognitive therapy session twice a week or 100 Impramine capsules, prescribed by visiting the doctor for 20 minutes once a week.
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Describe the cognitive therapy sessions
The sessions were prescribed and controlled. Therapists were observed to ensure reliability.
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What did both groups show?
Both groups showed significant decrease in depression symptoms on all 3 rating scales.
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Who showed greater improvements?
The cognitive treatment group showed significantly greater improvements on self-reports and observer-based ratings. 78.9% compared with 20% for those in drug therapy.
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What was the drop-out rate in both groups?
Drop-out rate was 5% in the cognitive therapy group and 32% in the drug treatment group.
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What leads to better treatment of depression?
Cognitive therapy leads to better treatment of depression.
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How was this conclusion drawn?
Shown by fewer symptoms reported and observed and better adherence to treatment in the cognitive therapy group.
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Other cards in this set
Card 2
Front
Describe activating events
Back
Events that contribute to someone's psychological disturbance. E.g. failing an exam or being criticised.
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