Education policies and inequality
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- Created by: FatCat3
- Created on: 20-12-21 14:46
what is the first policy and what did it stand for?
educational policy before 1988
education was only available to the minority
education was only available to the minority
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what are the tree groups in the triparte system?
1. grammar schools 2.secondary modern schools 3.technical schools
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name evaluations of this policy
-social class inequality
-gender inequality
+made competition
-gender inequality
+made competition
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what is the second policy and what did it stand for?
comprehensive school system 1965+
11+/grammar schools abolished, just local schools that all kids in that area went to
11+/grammar schools abolished, just local schools that all kids in that area went to
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name evaluations of this policy
-exam results lowered as a whole
-class divisions remained
-enabled social integration
-class divisions remained
-enabled social integration
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what did marketisation do (or what is it)?
which act tried to improve education?
which act tried to improve education?
enforced consumer choice and to run schools like a business which increased competition, idea of consumer demand and supply applied here
1988 education reform act
1988 education reform act
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what was parentocracy/ describe the terms of it?
allowing parens to chose schools by releasing ofsted/ league table results, open enrolment, tuition fees for HE, etc
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name evaluations of this
+ David claims consumers are given better choices
-produced inequality between classes
-Ball and Whitty- mc parents have better knowledge on this stuff over wc
-produced inequality between classes
-Ball and Whitty- mc parents have better knowledge on this stuff over wc
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what results in posting league tables?
cream-skimming- good schools only take mc cuz they get good results
silt-shifting- good schools avoid taking less able pupils as it will damage school results
silt-shifting- good schools avoid taking less able pupils as it will damage school results
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name an evaluation of this
+public policy research 2012 found competition orientated schools produced class inequality.
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what is the funding formula?
schools were allocated funds depending how many pupils they had in their school
+increase competition
-popular schools, more funds, more selective and vice versa
+increase competition
-popular schools, more funds, more selective and vice versa
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which sociologist talked about parental choice and what is it?
name an evaluation of this
name an evaluation of this
Gerwitz
differences in economic/cultural capital caused three different choosers 1.privileged skilled choosers, 2. disconnected local choosers, 3. semi-skilled choosers.
-reproduced social class inequality
differences in economic/cultural capital caused three different choosers 1.privileged skilled choosers, 2. disconnected local choosers, 3. semi-skilled choosers.
-reproduced social class inequality
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what is the myth of parentocracy?
arguing parentocracy legitimates inequality by giving its true causes
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what is the third policy and what did they stand for?
New labour 1997-2010
reproducing social inequality but still wanted marketisation, for example they make education maintenance allowances, increasing state funding, etc
reproducing social inequality but still wanted marketisation, for example they make education maintenance allowances, increasing state funding, etc
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name an evaluation of this
Benn found that there was a 'new labour paradox' as they were contradictory ie introducing EMAs but making tuition fees higher, etc
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what is the fourth policy and what did they stand for?
conservative (coalition) gov polices 2010-2015
made marketisation more apparent in the education system by meeting consumer needs, making schools like bus, etc
made marketisation more apparent in the education system by meeting consumer needs, making schools like bus, etc
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what are academies and when were they introduced?
2010
when schools were forced to become academies, schools were given funding and control over curriculum. ie teachers in an academy could go to a failing schools in the academy to raise the education standards
when schools were forced to become academies, schools were given funding and control over curriculum. ie teachers in an academy could go to a failing schools in the academy to raise the education standards
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name evaluations of this
-schools run like a bus not focused on students
+removed focus on inequality as it allowed any schools to become academies, in comparison to new labour that focused on deprived areas
+removed focus on inequality as it allowed any schools to become academies, in comparison to new labour that focused on deprived areas
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what are free schools?
schools that are funded by schools but are set/ run by the parents/governors of that area to adjust the system how they like.
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name evaluations of this
-socially diverse so they lower standards
-fewer schools take disadvantaged people
-only mc have money to create free school
-fewer schools take disadvantaged people
-only mc have money to create free school
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what sociologist talked about fragmented centralisation and what is it?
Ball argued it has caused F.C
fragmentation- the system is replaced by private providers so there is greater inequality
centralisation of control- giving control to schools to have freedom but are still funded by state reducing role of local elected auth
fragmentation- the system is replaced by private providers so there is greater inequality
centralisation of control- giving control to schools to have freedom but are still funded by state reducing role of local elected auth
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name evaluations of this
+more power to parents
-less socially diverse
-reducing role of local authorities putting mc charge
-less socially diverse
-reducing role of local authorities putting mc charge
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what were the policies to reduce inequality?
free school meals
pupil premium- school given money for each student form a less able background
pupil premium- school given money for each student form a less able background
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name evaluations of this
-ofsted reported only 1/10 head teachers used the pupil premium for the students
-reduced opportunities such as surestart, abolishing EMAs
-reduced opportunities such as surestart, abolishing EMAs
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what is the privatisation of education and which sociologist suggested it?
name an evaluation of this
name an evaluation of this
Ball
where private sectors have private-public partnerships to provide supply teachers, building projects, etc which are profitable to the capitalists who own the companies
-but most schools are forced to sign the contracts
where private sectors have private-public partnerships to provide supply teachers, building projects, etc which are profitable to the capitalists who own the companies
-but most schools are forced to sign the contracts
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which sociologist talked about the public/private boundary and what did they say?
Pollack
this allows companies to gain inside knowledge about other schools or private sectors therefore change to private sectors themselves for more money
this allows companies to gain inside knowledge about other schools or private sectors therefore change to private sectors themselves for more money
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how are privatised education services becoming globalised? include examples and the sociologist
Ball
as privatised education services are often owned by global overseas companies, such as Edexcel being a US owned company, it makes privatised services being allowed to shift to a global level, making policy work in nation states less important
as privatised education services are often owned by global overseas companies, such as Edexcel being a US owned company, it makes privatised services being allowed to shift to a global level, making policy work in nation states less important
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what sociologist talks about the coalition of schools and what did they say?
name an evaluation of this
name an evaluation of this
Molnar
schools are targeted as they have students, so they are big on product endorsement for money
-the benefits for students are very limited, ie having to eat over 5000 chocolates to obtain volleyball equipment.
schools are targeted as they have students, so they are big on product endorsement for money
-the benefits for students are very limited, ie having to eat over 5000 chocolates to obtain volleyball equipment.
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what sociologist talked about education as a commodity and what did they say?
Ball
believes that these policies are just in place to make education a source of profit and help company ceos who are usually mc capitalists.
believes that these policies are just in place to make education a source of profit and help company ceos who are usually mc capitalists.
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why did women not benefit and specifically what century was it?
name an evaluation of this (include year)
name an evaluation of this (include year)
19th century
women excluded from HE
-1970s GIST/WISE
women excluded from HE
-1970s GIST/WISE
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what policies were in place (include year) to help ethnic backgrounds and what did it aim to do?
name an evaluation of this
name an evaluation of this
Assimilation policies in 1960s/70s focused open helping ethnics understand British culture eg groups who don't speak English
-some ethnic groups did speak English before so racism is just inevitable
-some ethnic groups did speak English before so racism is just inevitable
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what other policy was introduced to help ethnics (state year)?
name an evaluation of this
name an evaluation of this
multicultural education policies in 1980s/90s to promote ethnic achievement and culture to raise ethnic pupils self esteem
-New right believe MCE causes cultural division so having one national culture is better.
-New right believe MCE causes cultural division so having one national culture is better.
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what is another policy to help ethnics (state year)?
name an evaluation of this
name an evaluation of this
social inclusion policy in 1990s- monitoring exams done by ethnics, helping pupils w Saturday school for black community, additional programme teaching English
-Mirza less little change and believed institutional racism is far more greater and should be
-Mirza less little change and believed institutional racism is far more greater and should be
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Other cards in this set
Card 2
Front
what are the tree groups in the triparte system?
Back
1. grammar schools 2.secondary modern schools 3.technical schools
Card 3
Front
name evaluations of this policy
Back
Card 4
Front
what is the second policy and what did it stand for?
Back
Card 5
Front
name evaluations of this policy
Back
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